# All Questions

2k views

### What is the difference between SHA256WITHRSA and SHA256WITHRSAENCRYPTION digest algorithms?

I installed djigzo on my android phone and I want to use it for smime mail. I don't know the difference between choosing SHA256WITHRSA and ...
632 views

### Json AES128: Security against known plaintext attack

I have a system where I am transmitting json messages securely (using for example AES-128), where each message has the same format. For example ...
301 views

Passwords hashed under Unix/Linux systems can use several hashing algorithms. ...
785 views

### Diffie-Hellman Parameter Check (when g = 2, must p mod 24 == 11?)

I'm adding some Diffie-Hellman groups to a program as specified in RFC 3526, More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE). When I test some of the group ...
2k views

### Multiplicative inverse in $GF(2^8)$?

I know how to do multiplication over $GF(2^8)$. Logic is... ...
79 views

### Keyed-hash of a lot of small numbers

Let's say I have a list of several million numbers, with only 6-9 digits of secret information per number (this means that an attacker might efficiently guess the other digits). I have to store the ...
124 views

### Distributed integer factorization?

I'm looking around for publicly published work on factorization of large numbers using distributed systems of any kind. So far I've come across the PDF "Mapreduce for integer factorization" by Javier ...
94 views

### /dev/random only needed for key generation / CPU pattern encryption

Consider the following scenarios: using OpenSSL to encrypt a file with Rijndael-256 using LUKS to encrypt a hard-drive that is used every day Exactly when is entropy from ...
116 views

### Where can I find source code for ideal world simulation?

In many crypto papers I see they use a Real World / Ideal World Paradigm. However, I have never see the source code of such Simulators that try to simulate the adversary. Could somebody point me to ...
80 views

### Where can I find source code of a compiler that secures a circuit (or attemps to)? [closed]

In the paper “Multiparty Computation Secure Against Continual Memory Leakage”, on page 1239 under section “Using an LDS Compiler Instead of OCL Compiler”, the authors discuss why they decided to use ...
305 views

### How can k3d3/ed25519-java's performance be improved?

I tried asking this on stackoverflow because I thought it might be a simple coding question and didn't want to clutter up this amazing stack, but I received no responses. CodesInChaos showed me that ...
735 views

### Messages exchanged between Bob Alice are encrypted safe?

Can you help me understand the following reasoning? If Alice sends Bob a message and that message is encrypted with two keys simultaneously: a symmetric key (Ks) and Bob's public key. The symmetric ...
372 views

### Computing IV for CBC from PBKDF2 + HKDF

Note that this question is somewhat similar to Can I use my random IV (for AES) as a salt for PBKDF2? My current encryption format computes two random PBKDF2 salts (encryption and HMAC, 8 bytes each) ...
163 views

### Oracle DBMS_RANDOM algorithm?

Oracle DBMS offer builtin random number generator (pseudo to be accurate). DBMS_RANDOM is one of the available packages, it is however considered as insecure for cryptography. Do we happen to know the ...
127 views

### Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman generator selection

I need to generate a EDH group on the fly in one has not been specified in a config file. Diffie-Hellman is kind of expensive in terms of computation, so I'd like to reduce the cost if possible. Is ...
139 views

### Decryption honeypots

When performing a key search, I've always wondered how you reliably detect a successful decryption once you hit the right key. I assume that you have to analyze the data and look for patterns: words, ...
29 views

### How to understand the Bilinear mapping with an example [duplicate]

An efficient bilinear map is given by $e$: $G_{1}$ × $G_{1}$ → $G_{T}$. How can i prove this equation with the help of an example.
1k views

### FIPS 140-2 compliant algorithms in Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider (Windows XP) [closed]

We have a native C++ application that supports Windows XP SP3. Recently we've decided to change our crypto algorithms to FIPS 140-2 compliant ones. We are planning to use the following algorithms in ...
1k views

### How to Mathematically Prove the Bilinear Pairing Properties [closed]

I am currently working on Bilinear Pairing.To start my work i need to find the mathematically prove of three properties of bilinear pairing. Let $G_{1}$ and $G_{T}$be a cyclic multiplicative ...
205 views

### One-Time-Pad with key-reuse: Faster way of decrypting?

I know there are already of few questions about this and I'm working with the advices that were given but I still doubt my approach is the fastest, so I'd really appreciate if you helped me find a ...
802 views

### Java's SecureRandom & plaintext attack?

Java's SecureRandom is meant to be cryptographically secure, and I know part of that means that the output should not be usable to predict further output. Though, ...
124 views

### What is the difference between homomorphic encryption and homomorphic signature? [closed]

I want to apply homomorphic signature instead of homomorphic encryption in Provable data possession. So I want to know about homomorphic signature and homomorphic encryption.
371 views

### Is it possible to decrypt double-key crypted file knowing public key and a having one or more original files?

I have some encrypted files with double-key. I know public key and don't know private key. Can I obtain the private key (and decrypt all files) using two version of one file - crypted and decrypted? ...
350 views

### how do you calculate the private exponent in asymmetric key encryption [duplicate]

Here is an excellent paper on the math of asymmetric key encryption: http://www.mathaware.org/mam/06/Kaliski.pdf‎ See the example on Page 6. The public key = $55$ Primes used to calculate public ...
91 views

### Possible to check if $a \in \mathrm{QR}_n$?

It is possible to check $a \in \mathrm{QR}_p \text{ iff } a^{(p-1)/2} \equiv 1\ (\bmod\ p)$ if $p$ is a prime. $n$ is a large RSA modulus. Is it also possible to check if $a \in \mathrm{QR}_n$ if the ...
1k views

### Is there a feasible method by which NIST ECC curves over prime fields could be intentionally rigged?

The NIST elliptic curves P-192, P-224, P-256, P-384, and P-521, prescribed in FIPS 186-4 appendix D.1.2, are generated according to a well defined process, but using an arbitrary random-looking seed ...
132 views

### Time complexity to solve Discrete log problem

What is the time to complexity to solve Discrete log problem now in $Z_p$? Initially for $n$ bit prime $p$, it was $Exp(n^{1/3})$.
4k views

### AES Algorithm processing time in Arduino vs Raspberry Pi

The Arduino employs an 8-bit ATmega series microcontroller whereas the Raspberry Pi is based around a 32-bit ARM processor, and the Arduino is typically clocked at between 8-16MHz and with 2-8kB of ...
231 views

### Chance in cryptography

I was just thinking about my own chance and the way chance can defeat even the most advanced algorithm. My thought was : you can make a strong session id, but what if by chance, a hacker set this ...
527 views

### Do I need to prepare plain text before encryption?

When I want to encrypt chat messages (in ASCII) before sending, whether it brings some bit of security if I add some extra bytes to the message or shuffle it in some way? I can even try to make data ...
95 views

### Is OCB with short MAC malleable?

At the beginning of OCB's white paper [pdf], OCB is compared to other modes, and non-malleability is one of the properties advertised. At the end of the paper, it is mentioned the MAC length can be ...
1k views

### AES mixcolumn stage

I'm studying AES, and am having problems with the "mixcolumn" stage. I read about finite fields, but I still don't know. How do I construct $GF(2^8)$? ...
335 views

### Why use Needham-Schroeder if we have Diffie-Hellman?

If we want to establish secret symmetric key between two entities, why use Needham-Schroeder if we have Diffie-Hellman? With DH we don't need to have any trusted party, so what's the point of NS?
678 views

### Why is the discrete logarithm problem assumed to be hard?

This might be a quite stupid question: since a naive brute force algorithm to solve the discrete logarithm problem will only take O(n) time for a group G with order ...
2k views

### Advantages using Diffie-Hellman or Elgamal

For what kind of usage should we prefer using Diffie-Hellman in order to exchange keys instead of Elgamal, and most important why should we use one or the other? I do not see a clear difference ...
555 views

### Methods of making ASIC/GPU resistant encryption?

Is there way to make encryption scheme ASIC and GPU resistant, besides using a lot of memory? And what is there ciphers or modes of use for such purpose? Including public keys algorithms maybe too, ...
680 views

### Difference between CBC-MAC and CMAC

According to Wikipedia, CMAC is based on a variation of CBC-MAC and fixes some security deficiencies in it. However, I could not find a simple and clear explanation of what the differences between ...
218 views

### Generate keys with k3d3 / ed25519-java

I'm trying to use a java implementation of ed25519. In the code, I can't find any functions that generate keys. My experience with cryptography is limited to about three weeks of asking questions on ...
106 views

### Is it possible to use structures other than finite fields?

I have some difficulties to understand why we are using finite fields in cryptography. Why do we use field? Why not ring or group? Is that really necessary that the field is finite? Why not real ...
208 views

### Cryptographically secure product keys

I am looking for a scheme to generate and validate cryptographically secure product keys. My requirements are: Unforgeable. It must be impossible (or at least very hard) for users to forge a product ...
514 views

### If G is a secure PRG and G' is a function of G, is G' secure?

For example: for secure PRG G if I have a G' s.t. G'(k) = G(k)||0, is ...
522 views

### Using HMAC-SHA256 with short passwords and sliced outputs for short-lived secure hashing

I don't have much background in cryptography, so forgive me if I'm using the wrong mathematical terms to explain my needs. Following this question, I learned that taking a random secret 16-bytes ...
409 views

### Maximal-length LFSR with $n$ bits when the factorization of $2^n-1$ is unavailable?

There's a classical method to efficiently test if a LFSR with $n$ bits is maximal-length (or equivalently, if the feedback polynomial is primitive), when the factorization of $2^n-1$ is available. Do ...
112 views

### 2PC Private Set Intersection Optimized for asymmetrically sized sets

I am researching some concepts of practical 2 party computation and was curious if anyone could point me to a research paper that is focused on private set intersection where one party has a very ...
3k views

### ECDSA vs ECIES vs ECDH

Recently I started studying ECC and I just loved it. I want to transfer some big data (like 3KB), What is the best method, ECDSA, ECIES, or ECDH (and why)? I am confused, how should I choose between ...
718 views

### Are the SHA family hash outputs practically random?

Say I hashed the output from a random number generator (with nonce), would the resulting SHA256 hash be as random as the inputted number? And If I used the first 5 hex characters, and then used the ...
222 views

### Recovery of RC4 key when S-box 0 stage or 1st stage known

I've been exploring around, trying to understand if such thing is even possible. I have some RC4 ciphertext which I know it's plaintext and I would like to extract the key just from cipher and ...
250 views

### Why have Nonce and why encrypt everything in step 2 for Needham-Schroeder?

Here is the protocol outline I am looking at (source: Foundations of Computer Security, Lecture 60: The Needham-Schroeder Protocol)  \begin{array}{ccl} 1.& A \to S \colon& A,B,N_a \\ ...