# All Questions

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### Are there security issues with adding plaintext length to TLS packets?

I have quite a big problem, because of a software implementation of TLS I had to adapt I had to create something which is now biting me. It all comes down to this: I need to know the length of the ...
333 views

### What makes SHA-2 and SHA-3 have security levels half their output hash length?

The tag wiki for sha-256 says, in part: SHA-256 ... processes the input in 512-bit block and has a 256-bit output, for a 128-bit security level. I'm not a cryptographer, just an interested ...
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### Is it right about an example of bilinear map $e$?

The equation for the elliptic curve is $y^{2} = x^{3} + x$ and is defined over the field $F_{q}$ for some prime $q\equiv 3 \pmod 4$, and set $q=307$. Choose random generator $g=[182, 240]$. My ...
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### Solving discrete logarithm when p is not a safe prime

If you have the cyclic group of integers modulo $p$, where $p$ is not a safe prime, as well as a generator $g$ with which for all factors $q$ of $(p-1)$, $g^{(p-1)/q} \ne 1$, This answer says that ...
87 views

### Is it possible to encrypt a message's destination as well as its content?

I have imagined a way to break through any kind of censorship but since I don't have enough professional knowledge of cryptography I don't know whether it is feasible or not. If there is a method ...
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### Share two secrets between two parties [duplicate]

Alice has a secret A, Bob has a secret B. They have a secure channel and a MAC. They each want to know the other's secret, but don't particularly want to give up their own. However, neither will not ...
4k views

### How do we know a cryptographic primitive won't fail suddenly?

It took more than a decade from when MD5 looked like it was going to break to the point when it was actually broken. That's more than a decade of warning. How can we be sure that when our ...
715 views

### Trying to understand the use of ECC in TLS certificates

I was looking the certificate of this website: https://www.cloudflare.com that has an ECC based certification. I'm just curious to know if is possible to understand which elliptic curve is used and ...
107 views

### Is it OK to substitute a PRF for a random oracle?

Random oracles don't exist, but aren't PRFs essentially indistinguishable from them? So why can't we substitute pseudorandom functions wherever we use random oracles? And if we can do this, why is ...
91 views

### Brute Force on Key

If you are brute forcing a key and trying trillions of combos, how will you know when you accidentally hit the right answer? Clearly you can't look at each decoded answer to see which "looks right".
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### Is it OK to use a hash of the key as nonce for AES GCM?

I don't see an immediate risk of using the hash of the key as the nonce for AES GCM. Is there something I could be overlooking?
253 views

### How is information disclosed by modular multiplication?

Consider the case that $c = a \cdot b \mod p$ where $p$ is a known prime and $0 < a < p$ and $0 < b < p$ are unknown integers numbers. Furthermore, some bits on the value of $c$ are ...
134 views

### Sending the next one-time pad key in this one-time pad message? [duplicate]

I am doing a research project on cryptography next year, and I'm really new to cryptography. This isn't some really advanced thing or anything, and I'm just trying to come up with something basic. ...
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### verify fails on 3rd party after signing with BouncyCastle

I am using BouncyCastle to perform ECDH and then encrypt the data between the mobile (Android) and my hardware with ECIES. It all works fine. When I try to sign a byte array and send it to the ...
122 views

### Encryption through multiplication of encoded key [closed]

Yesterday I finished programming my own encryption program. It is using an input and a key. Here are all the steps it is going through. For an example, let say the ...
72 views

### Shamir secret sharing with field 2^8

I want to split a message using Shamir's Secret Sharing by splitting each byte of it so the field I'm using is $2^8$. Assume $(2,2)$ scheme, i.e., splitting it into $2$ shares and both of them are ...
300 views

### Test vectors for PRESENT algorithm?

I'm looking for Test Vectors to test my implementation of PRESENT. I would like to test a different input from the usual where the key and the plaintext are either 000..000 or FFF...FFF.
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### Why not put MAC in fixed position and cover padding for MAC-then-encrypt?

The biggest problem with using MtE with a mode where it's known to be secure (CBC) is with the padding, where you can't retrieve the authentication until you know where it is by looking at the padding ...
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### Would key stretching help mitigate concerns with “verifiably random”?

Daniel J. Bernstein (and others) have expressed concern over how "verifiably random" curve parameters are generated. He points out that hashing a public seed doesn't prevent, say, the US government (...
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### How was the MDS matrix used in AES chosen?

$$\begin{pmatrix}2&3&1&1\\ 1&2&3&1\\ 1&1&2&3\\ 3&1&1&2\end{pmatrix}$$ In the above MDS matrix used in AES encryption, why are the numbers $2$,$3$ and $1$...
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### Constructing set membership proof for private set

Is it possible to construct a set membership proof to show $\delta \in \Psi$ where $\delta$ is publicly known and $\Psi$ should stay only known to the prover? It seems rather impossible but I would ...
136 views

### My attempt of combining socialist millionaire and Diffie-Hellman. Is it any good?

I've come up with an algorithm to solve the socialist millionaire problem, but I'm not sure if the algorithm is secure. I wasn't able to find any flaw in it, but it seems too simple to be secure, so I'...
55 views

### Can you identify this algorithm? [closed]

We are attempting to integrate our application in to a third party system. To do this we need to pass encrypted passwords in to this system. I have decompiled the assembly and looking at the code it ...
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### Differences between HMAC and HKDF in a specific case

I want to use a key derivation function to derive a key to another one. I think HKDF is the easiest solution in my case. The following picture gives a clear definition of it : http://webee.technion....
143 views

### security in format preserving encryption

In format preserving encryption an attacker knows the format and data type of the plain text. The format of the plain text and cipher text are same. usually cipher text are unreadable form. then how ...
187 views

### Can AES be considered as Perfectly Secure?

I am studying about the AES encryption standard, and as I know from the theory there is no known weaknesses today about this block-cipher. I would like to find out or at least to understand what "...
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### What is the right notion of security to use for file encryption?

It seems that several file encryption systems do NOT use authenticated encryption. (E.g. gpg --symmetric and boxcryptor as far as I can determine). I understand that this is generally considered ...
The algorithm for mental poker that I saw on Wikipedia and everywhere else relies on an encryption algorithm such that $E_k(E_j(P)) = E_j(E_k(P))$, but I can't find a modern and secure algorithm for ...
I'm on the study of Diffie-Hellman and its related math (multiplicative group of integers $\mod n$). In some crypto papers and documents I've read that $g$ needs to be a primitive root mod $n$ ($g$ ...