# All Questions

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### ElGamal message signatures retrieving the secret value x

If the GCD(r, p-1) is small and the value k is used to sign a message using ElGamal is also small. Then the secret value of x can be determined. Why is this true? How would one retrieve x?
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### Background for modular arithmetic function

I'm investigating this function: $a := ((b\cdot c) \bmod k) - (b \cdot c)/k$ where $/$ indicates integer division. Two things I've noticed: It's equivalent to multiplying a·b, and then ...
1k views

### Digital Signature Algorithm signature creation

I was studying DSS from "Cryptography and Network Security" by William Stallings. What puzzled me was the DSS approach figure described in the text. It says it uses Public and Private Keys for ...
2k views

### ANSI X9.9 Cryptography Standards

I'm trying to create a ISO8583 Rev93 message. What is the standard way of generating MAC key in ANSI X9.9 DES-CBC encryption algorithm is used to encrypt the ...
63 views

### How to create reduction functions in rainbow tables?

I have been trying to understand rainbow tables lately and one part is giving me trouble to understand here. Let's say I want to generate a table where the chains are 100 000 hash/plaintext long. I ...
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### How to distribute system parameters in identity-based encryption

Identity-based encryption papers describe that system parameters are declared as public. However,in real scenario, how to distribute system parameters to users?
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### Is using a rolling code as a constantly-changing shared secret effective for signing?

I am your average developer looking for some crypto-related guidance. I am trying to have assurance that a received message is from a particular sender, but have no need for the message content to be ...
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139 views

### More rounds after AES related key attack?

In his blog Schneier discusses that there is a new related key attack on 10 rounds of AES-256 "Another attack can break a 10 round version of AES-256 in 245 time, but it uses a stronger type of ...
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### RSA: Most significant key bit always 1?

Is it possible to say that the most significant bit of an RSA private exponent is always 1? Wouldn't that weaken the key strength by exactly that one bit? I refer to the paper "Timing Attack: What ...