# All Questions

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### Last Round in DES

I am studying DES for my Cryptoexam .As far as I understood , the initial plaintext is permuted and then the left half is called L0 and Right half is called R0. After that for each round the process ...
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### Are there cryptographic hash functions with homomorphic properties? [duplicate]

Are there cryptographic hash functions that have homomorphism-like properties? E.g. satisfying following relation $h(a || b) = h(a) · h(b)$, where $h(x)$ is hash function itself, $x || y$ is ...
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### Trapdoors for lattices

I refer to an article https://eprint.iacr.org/2011/501. I focus on (a bit modified) Algorithm 1 which runs as follows (in my understanding): For given $n, m\in \mathbb N$, $q=2^k$ and a distribution ...
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### Equal length of primes in paillier cryptosystem

In the key generation step of paillier cryptosystem , In order to satisfy $\gcd(pq,(p-1)(q-1))=1$ , we can take equal length primes. Instead of taking(length as parameter to generate $p,q$) equal ...
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### How often do I need to rotate AES 256 keys

I'm trying to design a protocol for a resource constrained environment. The device has to communicate with a server through an insecure node. My plan is to use AES 256 end to end for all ...
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### Which block cipher mode(s) is most appropriate in these applications?

I have a few questions I'm stuck on for a cryptography course I'm doing, any help would be much appreciated. The first application is for decryption on a multicore processor. I assume any of ECB, ...
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### Quantum key exchange skepticism/confusion

I was hoping somebody could explain some issues I have with quantum key exchange that I don't quite understand. I've read bits and pieces about BB84 but I'm sure my questions probably apply to other ...
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### How can I map arbitrary group elements to unique integers without using Hash functions?

Let's say, I have a group $G$ of large prime order $p$. A set $S$ consists of $n$ random elements chosen from $G$. Without using a collision resistant hash function $H$, how can I map elements of $G$ ...
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### Isn't a simple Vernam cipher as secure as known symmetric key algorithms?

I have just read little about the Vernam cipher and the problems of implementing it. But, in practice, would not the key, if generated by a commonly used programming language's ...
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### Can I remove new lines in a public key?

Can I remove new lines from the rsa public key file to get a one line string? So the question is if the key looks like this AAA BBB CCC or ...
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### SHA512withRSA - Looking for details about the Signature Algorithm

I am trying to find information about the Signature Algorithm SHA512withRSA and have been unsuccessful so far. In the current state, the signature is too long, so I would like to check the code for ...
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### breaking fully homomorphic encryption schemes

Fully homomorphic encryption schemes allow one to evaluate any arbitrary computation over encrypted data. Intuitively this seems to be too weak, irrespective of how we achieve this. An adversary who ...
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### Privacy-Preserving Protocols and Proofs of Security

While dabbling in privacy-preserving protocols (mainly using Semi-Homomorphic Encryption) and coming up with miscellaneous ideas for comparison tests or other similar primitives, based on obfuscation ...
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### Is there a practical succinct interactive argument for fortress draws in chess endgames?

(In theory, it is known that collision-resistant hashing suffices for the type of protocol that I'm asking about: page 3.) Is there a known practical candidate protocol for succinctly (and ...
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### Selecting a Bouncy Castle named curve for ECC [duplicate]

I have been tasked with implementing ECDSA and ECDH in Java using the Bouncy Castle library. However, I am unsure of what curve to use. I am aware of the named curves listed in BC, and I've done a ...
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### Does the initial exchange of random tokens in SKID3 authentication assure against replay attacks?

As the question suggests, I wanted to get a sanity-check on this issue... is it the case that the use of a random token exchange during SKID3 authentication itself constitute a prevention of a replay ...
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### Why verify padding at all?

Whenever a ciphertext is decrypted using a block-cypher, we need to remove the padding. There are different ways to add padding, but they usually set the last byte of the last block to the number of ...
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### Are there valid attacks on full SHA-1?

Google today announced they are sunsetting SHA-1. Its fine by me. But that made me realize I am not keeping up with the research on SHA-1. The Wikipedia page only says Stevens' attack is the most ...
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### How do you create a large PRP from a small one?

How can you efficiently create a pseudorandom permutation with a large domain given a PRP with a small domain? Meaning: given an $n$-bit PRP, how can I create an $n k$-bit PRP? I'm only interested in ...
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### Generating S boxes that satisfy Coppersmith's criteria?

I'd like to generate all possible 6-bit to 4-bit S-Boxes that satisfy the criteria for S-Box design given by Coppersmith, but I have a few doubts: How many such S-Boxes are possible? Is there any ...
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### “Practical” operations supported by functional encryption?

I'm curious about what operations have been developed into functional encryption schemes. What I mean by that is: what operations can be performed over encrypted ciphertexts? Obviously homomorphic ...
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### What does $\to$ mean in the following definition of a block cipher?

In the following picture $\kappa$ is the key length and $n$ is the block size. I understand that $\{0,1\}^\kappa$ means all possible combination of keys and $\{0,1\}^n$ means all possible combination ...
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### DES S-Box properties

Two of the properties that lead to the design of DES S-Boxes are: 1)For any non-zero 6-bit difference between inputs, no more than 8 of the 32 pairs of inputs exhibiting that difference may result ...
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Padding oracle attacks are a huge nuisance when using CBC mode encryption without authentication. Wouldn't all those padding oracle attacks be avoided if we'd just use bit padding instead? Or is does ...
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### How to prove Security of Onion Layers of encryption?

CryptDB has Onion layers of Encryption to provide wider functionality from weaker forms of encryption. How do we prove such things are indeed secure ? Intuitively It seems ok. Are there any parallels ...
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### Why does FIPS 186-4 require specific sizes for keys?

In FIPS 186-4, page 32, about FFC crypto it is required that the length of $p$ will be exactly 1024 bit and the length of $q$ will be exactly 160 bit. Why is the requirement not stated in terms of ...
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### What's causing the poor randomness in this program: the LCG, or the program logic itself?

(Crypto Gods, I should begin by stressing that I haven't lost my mind: I'm not doing this in real life, I'm just trying to understand the theory behind what's happening. With your help, hopefully I ...
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### Shannon confusion and diffusion concept

I read the document(not the whole document) from Shannon where he speaks about the concepts of confusion and diffusion. I read in many places(not in the document but around the internet) that ...