# All Questions

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### Stern identification scheme to signature scheme

I'm trying to understand the comment in the page 103 of the book Postquantum Cryptography. about convert the identification Stern procedure for signing. Can you write an example of signature of this ...
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### Why isn't outputting only a portion of the hash state a simple defense against length extension attacks?

As I understand length extension attacks, they depend on the coincidental property of most cryptographic hash functions that the hash value is exactly the hash function state after hashing the last ...
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### Ring-LWE elliptic gaussian distribution

I am currently trying to understand this Ring-LWE article: http://www.cims.nyu.edu/~regev/papers/ideal-lwe.pdf and I have a question. Firstly, it is mentioned in the paper that we can view the ...
337 views

### Is there a multiple asymmetric encryption algorithm, which requires all private keys to reveal the secret?

I am looking for an asymmetric encryption algorithm, which allows to encrypt a secret with multiple public keys, but to reveal the secret all private keys must be used. You shouldn't be able to tell ...
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### Massey-Omura three pass protocol prime modulus share

In Massey-Omura three pass protocol: how many bits long should be the prime modulus $M$ in order to be secure? should be the the $M$ secret? should be the $M$ generated every time or it could be ...
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### Computational indistinguishability: are function parameters known?

I would like to clarify something about the definition of computational indistinguishability and pseudorandom number generators. Suppose we wanted to show that linear congruential generators of the ...
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### Trying to understand the constant factors (19 and 38) in Ed25519 ref10 function 'fe_mul'

I would like to transpose the Ed25519 ref10 implementation to a similar twisted Edwards curve that is based on another prime, in order to have the same speed optimizations in place for the new curve. ...
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### DSSP reduction to DSSI

In “Towards quantum-resistant cryptosystems from supersingular elliptic curve isogenies" by DeFeo, Jao and Plut (PDF), there is a reduction from the Decisional Supersingular Product (DSSP) problem to ...
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### What is the difference between the standard representants of $\mathbb Z/q\mathbb Z$?

The symbol $\mathbb Z/q\mathbb Z$ (given that $q$ is prime) represents the prime field $\mathbb Z_q$. Basically, the elements of this field are represented by $\{0, 1, \dots, q-1\}$, let's call this ...
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### Brute forcing the secret key in Elgamal encryption

Crypto noob here, I am attempting to do this programming challenge. I do not have the secret key that is used to decrypt the message. However, the key is small enough for a brute force approach. I am ...
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### How to compute two EC point multiplication?

I would like to know how to compute multiplication of two valid EC points over a curve E with generator G. i.e. Given only P and Q points then how to compute R = P * Q where $P = p G$, $Q = q G$ and ...
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### Differential addition on Montgomery curve

Point multiplication using Montgomery ladder technique over Montgomery curves only require x coordinate, which in many situation leads to faster implementation as compared to point multiplication over ...
103 views

### Does exponentiation by squaring work on Montgomery curves?

Consider the point multiplication $Q=[d]P$, where $P$ a point on elliptic curve multiplied with an integer $d$ to get another point $Q$ on the same curve. This operation can be computed by a ...
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### IES: What security has the asymmetric primitive to provide?

I think most of us know the notion Shoup introduced of KEM/DEM (Key encryption material / data encryption material) which is used for example by the (famous) ECIES, where the key is the hash of some ...
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### Parameter choice Supersingular Isogeny DH

In “Towards quantum-resistant cryptosystems from supersingular elliptic curve isogenies” by DeFeo, Jao and Plut (PDF), the public parameters are defined as: Supersingular curve $E$, and bases $P, Q$ ...
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### Degenerate discrete logarithm in binary field

Given a field $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$, are there any choices of primitive element $g$ that make the discrete logarithm easier for that generator? That is, are there any degenerate cases? For example, if I ...
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### PK systems using groups in practice

The four Public-key cryptosystems: RSA, ElGamel, DH, and Rabin (all with others) all require some group operations in an integer field or multiplication group of some residue classes. When it comes ...
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### Where can I find names for cryptographic notation I don't recognize?

I'm new to this space and find myself stumbling over come cryptographic/mathematical notation. Search engines are not very helpful when copying and pasting Greek letters. Is there any reference that ...
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### RSA algorithm assignment [duplicate]

Alice wants to share a symmetric key with Bob. She encrypts the small (64-bit) secret key $K$ with Bob’s public RSA key $(n,e)$ by padding it with zeroes to 2048 bits (the length of n) and computing ...
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### seemingly common error with OpenSSL and creating a PKS no certificate matches private key [closed]

I have a JKS store and export a signed cert (from the CSR generated in the store and signed) and the private key - I convert to PEM and attempt to generate a PKS from these two files. openssl.exe ...
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### J-PAKE : About Schnorr NIZK proof for ephemeral private keys

Reading J-PAKE Authenticated Key Exchange Without PKI document : J-PAKE Round 1 : Alice sends out g^x1 and knowledge proof for x1, e.g : To prove the knowledge of the exponent for X = g^x1 ...
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### AES-Paillier Homomorphic encryption [closed]

How can I implement following problem in java code for addition? (here I use Paillier homomrphic encryption): Input would be to generate a new AES key, encrypt the private data with that key, encrypt ...
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### How many bits of entropy does an elliptic curve key of length n provide?

A FAQ for an open source project makes the claim: Indeed, an elliptic curve key of length n provides $n/2$ bits of security. I have two questions: What is the practical difference between ...
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### How bad it is using the same IV twice with AES/GCM?

I understand that initialization vectors should not be used twice when using AES/GCM. I am using a counter as initialization vector. Every time I send out a new packet (I am developing an UDP based ...