# All Questions

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### Are there public $p$ and $q$ numbers for use in DSA?

There are many RFC documents giving large primes to use in Diffie-Hellman. However, I couldn't find standards on the $p$ and $q$ large primes used in the DSA signature scheme. This is proving to be a ...
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### Any functioning system for interactive proof?

My problem is to outsource an array of data and ask the prover to sort the data. I am wonder if there is any working system out there that support interactive proof for the above computation? Or if ...
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### Protocol/algorithms based on a variable-length input PRF

Are the proofs based on a PRF assumption still valid when using a variable-length input PRF ? The answer might be obvious, but I have a doubt.
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### Question about modifying the MD5 plain text to cause a collision

I was trying to understand MD5 and got stuck with this question, its from Michael sipser's book on Information security Principles and Practice, 2nd edition The MD5 collision in Problem 25 is said ...
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### Detail about reactive simulatability framework

I'm trying to understand the framework of reactive simulatability using *"PfWa2_00AsyncModel"* from this publication which is a tech report behind the paper A model for Asynchronous Reactive Systems ...
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### How to perform benchmark of block/stream ciphers?

I would like to perform some benchmarking of different block and stream ciphers for general data (lossless and lossy data) encryption and decryption (with focus on power consumption). To get general ...
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### Precise meaning of various terms related to universal hash functions

I've been reading about universal hashing, but I'm confused by all these different terms and notations. Could someone help me understand the precise meaning or relation between the following terms: ...
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### Integer factorization based password authentication

After looking at this security issue at DjangoProject, I started to think in a password-based authentication that places the burden of PBKDF2 (or whatever is the hashing function) on the client. So I ...
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### partial-domain permutation and strong assumption

Quoting "Verified Security of Redundancy-Free Encryption from Rabin and RSA", Chapter 2 (on page 4): OAEP was proved IND-CCA-secure by Fujisaki et al. [28] under the assumption that the underlying ...
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### Security of a 3-party key exchange protocol

I am trying to find attacks on a theoretical protocol or prove its security. An initiator wants to establish a shared key with a responder with help of a trusted server. We have the following roles: ...
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### Jumblar: Using map locations as passwords

I had the idea of converting map locations into passwords. Basically Jumblar takes a hash of the user's location and stores this as a comment on the PGP network. The 'stored-hash'(Vague-Hash) ...
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### BLS signatures in the G-valued Random Oracle Model

This paper on semi-generic algorithms considers "non-standard properties of the employed hash function". For BLS signatures whose main group is $G$, I'm curious what can be shown when the hash ...
139 views

### Ideal system for an encryption scheme

What is the ideal system for an encryption scheme? For a pseudorandom permutation the ideal one is a random permutation, for a pseudorandom function the ideal one is a random function. For an ...
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### Is it possible to derive the midstate of a sha256 hash?

Let's say I have an unknown string with the known sha256-hash of it. I was wondering if it was possible to now calculate the sha256 of the concatenation of the unknown string and "abc". (In PHP: ...
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### Complex Numbers on Elliptic Curves & Usage in Tate Pairing

I'm working with understanding the internals of the Tate Pairing. I was going through an example of the curve $E: y^2 = x^3 + 3x$ over $\mathbb{F_{11}}$. The author is showing the computation of ...
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### How well analyzed are giant block length ciphers?

I have heard about ciphers that have a block length of 256 megabytes... That is huge. How well are they understood by the encryption community? I'm referring to PMC Ciphers. Has anyone used such a ...
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### How can I prove that this encryption scheme from a random oracle is secure?

I am reading this example: A random oracle is an ideal object. What makes a random oracle convenient for proofs is the part about knowing nothing on the output for a given input if you do not ...
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### Relaxed trust criterion for mental poker server?

I've read a lot about protocols for mental poker without a trusted server, but I'm interested in the possibility of a faster, more practical protocol that relaxes that criterion a bit and "trusts" a ...
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### Predicate Encryption supporting disjunctions

I am not sure if I missed some subtlety in the definition of Attribute Hiding found in this paper on Predicate Encryption, but isn't it possible to construct a scheme for Predicate Encryption ...
270 views

### One-time pad and perfect secrecy properties

I have a homework problem: Explain how to find $m_{0}$ and $c$ such that $P[c=c': k \leftarrow K, c' \leftarrow E(k, m_{0})] > 0$ where P is probability and k is chosen uniformly. I do not know ...
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### How hard is a known prefix hash preimage attack?

Suppose the attacker knows $X, Z$ such that $H(X || Y) = Z$ If bit-length(Y) < 60 then a brute force attack is possible. What if ...
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### Prevent/minimize replay attacks in public message board

Assume we have a public message board where anyone can send a message to. If plain messages are used, anyone can impersonate anyone. The goal is to disallow impersonations. We can use public key ...
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### Creating colliding x509 certificates: Crafting RSA moduli step

I am trying to generate 2 x509 certificates with the same signature but different values in the common name field, based on md5 collisions, as it was specified in this paper (page 7). Now I have ...
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### elgamal based decryption mixnet

Can anybody help me to understand elgamal based decryption mixnet? Pure elgamal can be used in mixnet (re-encryption mixnet) and its very easy, and I have implemented decryption mixnet using RSA also. ...
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### Cryptographic Protocol using NaCl

Why? I wanted to add some security and privacy to a chat-type server for playing various games (with a few things that are done on the server to limit cheating). Going by the "Don't implement ...
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### Determining the algorithm used to generate a digital signature

I have a string "abcd pqrs". This string is digitally signed with an X.509 certificate (with its private key) and it produces a signature. From the signed string, is it possible to find out what ...
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### Transforming simplest protocol into a Sigma-protocol

I have some questions from previous years exams, I hope you could help me with them. :) Suppose that a protocol satisfies the properties of a $\Sigma$-protocol, except that it is only (plain) ...
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### Is this a valid real-time authentication scheme?

The scenario in Alice/Bob/Cindy terms: Alice approaches someone she doesn't know, but thinks is Bob, and asks for some secret information. Bob doesn't know and doesn't trust Alice, but Alice says she ...
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### Computer appliance protocol

I build the computer appliance system that consist of software server and multiple controllers. The system I want to build must be pluggable in the sense that when I connect a controller C to the ...
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### Structure of encrypted office files

I try to find out the structure of encrypted office files (I'd like to implement something like a carving tool for finding certain encrypted file types). I try to understand the Office Document ...
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### How to properly format a PGP Message Block?

As sort of a follow up to my (currently) unanswered question, if it is correct, how do i properly calculate and format the packet that actually stores the data being encrypted? I thought I knew what I ...
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### Setting protocol parameters to achieve concrete security

Background One issue with modern security proofs is that they are usually asymptotic. In other words, such proofs are usually formulated as follows: For any polynomial-time adversary $\mathcal A$, we ...
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### Security of stream cipher based on Matrix multiplication GF(256) with randomized padding

The actual question is stated at the end of the text. Suppose you have a (grossly inefficient) confidentiality stream cipher with the following components: The keyed function ...
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### What would happen to AES if we replaced Mix Columns with Shift Columns?

I have this as a question in an assignment and I guess I don't fully understand the steps. I understand that if we omit Mix Columns , then every byte of the ciphertext would not depend on every byte ...
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### How to use OpenSSL command line utility to encrypt data with encrypted key from public key?

I may not be asking the right question. I am fairly new to data encryption. I am currently being sent encrypted data that's stored as follows: [ [keysize] [key encrypted with public key] [ivsize] ...
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### Why are the bit lengths of keys and digests equal in Lamport signatures?

In Lamport's one time signature scheme: One way function to convert a pseudo random number private key to a public key takes $\{0,1\}^n$ and returns $\{0,1\}^n$. Cryptographic hash function to ...
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### Does using a verifiable secret sharing scheme ensure robustness of a protocol if it is secure under the semi-honest adversarial model

Consider a protocol $\pi$ which uses a linear secret sharing scheme like that of Shamir secret sharing. Further assume that the protocol $\pi$ has been proven to be secure (correctness and privacy) ...
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### Some confusions about Repeated Doubling Algorithm?

The following repeated point doubling algorithm is taken from the book Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography by D. Hankerson, A. Menezes, and S. Vanstone on page#93. Clearly, this algorithm is ...
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### Calculating the discrete logarithm

I'm given a prime number $p = 1217$ I'm also given the following equations:  40 \equiv \log2 \pmod{64} \\ 63 \equiv \log3 \pmod{64} \\ 13 \equiv \log5 \pmod{64} \\ 13 \equiv \log2 \pmod{19} \\ 10 ...
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### Why is Siphash-128 considered “experimental”?

Why is Siphash-128 still considered "experimental"? What does this mean?
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### How do I prove the tracing part in a ring signature model?

I have a question about the article “efficient and multi-level privacy-preserving communication protocol for VANET” by H. Xiong et al. I need the ID of malicious vehicle, but I could not prove how I ...
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### Given a public-key encryption and signature scheme, define a new primitive

I'm new to cryptography and am currently working on the following question: Say you are given a public-key encryption scheme $\Pi_e=(\mathcal{K}_e,\mathcal{E},\mathcal{D})$ and a signature scheme ...
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### Format Preserving Encryption FF1 Samples

NIST published methods for Format-Preserving Encryption and there is a link in the document giving examples for FF1 methods. I am confused by the value of R given in the examples. $R$ is the output ...
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### Sigma protocol: witness hiding

I am working on an assignment and I am stuck with the last part of proving witness hiding for the protocol. I have previously proved it is witness indistinguishable, and it has q (primer number ...
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### Generating cryptographic-quality 1/f noise

Can anyone suggest how I'd generate cryptographic quality 1/f noise: aka 'pink noise', where the PSD follows 1/f. I'd be happy to derive the pink noise from white noise (e.g. /dev/urandom), but I ...