# All Questions

181 views

### Factorize RSA knowing several N and E

I did a CRT challenge yesterday and theres one problem I was unable to solve, probably due to my lack of understanding advanced crypto math. Its about RSA. There are ten given pairs of N and E (...
2k views

### PGP public RSA key format

I have been trying to use Go (I could post the code, but I think I posted enough already...) to generate a PGP RSA key. However every time I try to encrypt something with it, something fails. However, ...
83 views

### Ephemeral key is held constant in ElGamal

Is there a known algorithm to recover the sender's messages in ElGamal $\mathbb{F}_p^*$ if the ephemeral key is held constant in two or more transmissions, assuming the messages are always distinct? ...
237 views

### Do Gap-CDH groups exist?

A Gap-CDH group is such that, given group elements $g, a = g^x, b = g^y$, it is hard to compute $g^{xy}$, but, given a group element $c$, easy to verify if $c = g^{xy}$. While such groups have been ...
368 views

### Is it possible to break enigma code with a todays laptop [closed]

I have a 500 characters enigma encoded text. Random rotors were used (not the ones from wikipedia). I know of this flaw. I can guess some words that sould be in the text, but this probably doesn't ...
10k views

### Can you explain Bleichenbacher's CCA attack on PKCS#1 v1.5?

I've studied that the Bleichenbacher's CCA attack on PKCS#1 v1.5. is a base to many versions of attacks in the area. I'm trying to understand that attack, but every explanation I saw starts with the ...
116 views

### CPA-security of a pseudorandom permutation encryption scheme

Let $F$ be a pseudorandom permutation, and define a fixed-length encryption scheme $(Gen, Enc, Dec)$ as follows: on input $m \in$ $\{0,1\}^{n/2}$ and key $k \in \{0,1\}^n$, algorithm Enc chooses a ...
311 views

### Can a 1 byte difference in AES 128 bit keys make huge difference in output?

If we take some randomly generated key of AES-128 and we change any random 1 byte of that 16 byte key, will this make huge difference in the AES cipher text generated over same input string? Does ...
100 views

### Groth-Sahai proofs and hardness assumptions

I am learning Groth-Sahai NIZK proof system for Bilinear groups. While going through the literature, I am getting confused on how the proof system is related to Subspace Decision, SXDH or DLIN ...
480 views

### Why should one prefer Salsa20 over ChaCha?

We are all aware of Google's approach to introduce ChaCha/Poly1305 as TLS cipher suite. The rationale seems clear: ChaCha is newer and seems to provide better security (and maybe speed?) gained from ...
143 views

### When do I need to renew keys for Salsa20 or HMAC?

I currently have a system which uses two keys sourced from a single key subjected to HKDF. One key is used in the Salsa20 stream ...
109 views

### Can CFB mode of block cipher be used as a commutative encryption?

Can CFB mode of block cipher be used as a commutative encryption? Is it possible to use CFB mode of AES block cipher to create commutative encryption? With CTR it is possible but not secure.
97 views

### Show How to Efficiently Solve the Computational Diffie-Hellman Assumption given an Algorithm that Solves the Square-DH Problem

Let $q$ prime number, $G$ a cyclic group with order $q$ and let $g \in G$ be a generator of $G$. Suppose that you have an algorithm $A$ who takes input the element $g^a$ of $G$ and gives as output the ...
130 views

### Is the ring of octonions “commonly” used in Cryptography?

I've recently read "Fully Homomorphic Encryption on Octonion Ring" by Yagisawa, which is based on octonion rings over finite fields. Personally I've never encountered octonion rings in cryptography ...
313 views

### Simulation Based Proof: What Can / Can not Simulator Do?

I have seen some examples in "Foundation of cryptography" and "Efficient two party computation", in which simulator can do some things that in the real world model the parties cannot do, for instance: ...
92 views

### Converting a pre-image resistant hash to second pre-image resistant

I am looking for some standard conversion from any hash function $f$, which has pre-image resistance, to another hash function with second preimage resistance. Is there such a standard conversion?
142 views

### Why is the whole initial state used in the final addition of Salsa20 and ChaCha?

Both Salsa20 and ChaCha basically work like this: Put the key, the nonce, the sequence number and a constant into a 4x4 matrix of 32-bit words. Transform the matrix invertibly with a number of ARX ...
5k views

### A timestamping authority (digital notary)

Does there currently exist a free online service that accepts a file, hashes it, takes an authoritatively chosen timestamp (from one or more time services), signs these and sends this signed message ...
71 views

### Simulator in Private Outsourced Computation over Outsourced Datasets

Please, consider two honest parties $A$ and $B$ outsourced their private data to a malicious server $S$. So the parties store their data in the server. Then at a later point in time they want to ask ...
46 views

### Algorithm for factoring a number $n$ of a specific form given $n$ and $\varphi(n)$

Given the natural number $n$, which is in the form $p^2 \cdot q^2$ with $p$,$q$ prime numbers. Also $\varphi(n)$ is given. Describe a fast algorithm (polynomial time) that calculates $p$ and $q$. ...
83 views

### How to choose McEliece's parameters?

At the time of this writing, there are 3 sources for parameters for the McEliece public-key cryptosystem out there. The first paper is the original McEliece paper ("A Public-Key Cryptosystem based on ...
130 views

### Comparing n-multiple amount of merkle trees?

I would like to know what best steps are there in finding differences between a high order amount of merkle tree's or if a better associative structure should be used. I ask this questions because ...
56 views

### Blinding to mask private key operations

Blinding is often used to mask private key operations when the underlying problem is integer factorization. For example, its used in both RSA and Rabin-Williams signature schemes. This presumes ...
152 views

### Secure ElGamal with OAEP

Is it possible to make ElGamal IND-CCA2 using OAEP or OAEP+? (OAEP+ from: "OAEP Reconsiderd" by Shoup) The reason I ask is that I recently answered this question and it came to my mind that OAEP or ...
320 views

### Collision or second preimage for the ChaCha core?

Daniel J. Bernstein's ChaCha core is an evolution of the Salsa20 core. Both are functions over the set of 512-bit bitstrings, partitioned as sixteen 32-bit words. Can we exhibit collisions, or second-...
213 views

### How to generate own secure elliptic curves?

I know that the algorithm used to generate the Brainpool curves and the NIST curves is published. The algorithm should be this one (RFC5639 Appendix A). From what it looks like it's rather slow to ...
50 views

### Favor hash size or field size when systems are disparate?

I'm working on an implementation of Krawczyk's Hashed MQV (HMQV). I'm using Crypto++, which is a C++ library. C++ has some features where classes that represent the crypto objects can be combined ...
306 views

### Why isn't Rabin-Williams cryptosystem widely used?

I think we all know RSA. And of course we also know DJB (a.k.a. Daniel J. Bernstein). Now some already have noticed that he has an opinion towards cryptographic questions. In his 2008 paper ("RSA ...
31 views

### Proving existence of an encryption scheme that has indistinghuishable multiple encryptions in the presence of an eavesdropper, but is not CPA-secure [duplicate]

I got stuck in trying to find a solution to the 3.7 exercise of the Katz-Lindell book. The exercise also assumes the existence of a pseudorandom function. The problem is that a multiple messages ...
7k views

### Why is Diffie-Hellman considered in the context of public key cryptography?

In all textbooks I used the Diffie-Hellman key exchange is under "public key cryptography". As far as I can see it is a method to exchange a key to be used with a symmetric cryptographic algorithm, ...
233 views

### How does knowing the factorization of N help to obtain the secret?

Assuming $x=a^2 \pmod n$ and knowing $x$, $p$, $q$ how is it possible to obtain $a$?
129 views

### How can I generate a good password from a SHA512 hash?

I have to change local administrator passwords on machines. I don't want to store password in a database. I have to generate a password that I can find later to connect to the machine again. So I ...
178 views

### Why is Rabin encryption equivalent to factoring?

I don't understand the proof of equivalence I've read everywhere (e.g., in Rabin's paper or on Wikipedia). Here's my objection: let's say you have a Rabin decryption oracle that takes ...
275 views

### What is “witness encryption”?

I recently skimmed over tho papers on time-lock encryption: “Time-release Protocol from Bitcoin and Witness Encryption for SAT” by Liu, Garcia, and Ryan “How to Build Time-Lock Encryption” by Jager ...
143 views

101 views

### What does “simulator” and “interactive” mean in a cryptographic credential system's definition of security?

Definition 1 on Page 7 of “An Efficient System for Non-transferable Anonymous Credentials with Optional Anonymity Revocation” by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya, uses the term “simulator” in defining the ...
72 views

### Using AES for smaller blocks in a Feistel network

I was wondering how decryption would work for FPE in the case of cycled Feistel ciphers. I understand that simply reiterating through the networks with reversed key order will generate the ciphertext ...
78 views

### Execution speed of AES_128 GMAC operation

I have read about the speed performance of AES_128_GCM on specific processors Intel and AMD that support AES New Instruction set. As compared with CMAC and HMAC is it relatively slow for other ...
474 views

### Why is EdDSA collision-resilient with SHA-512?

In the Bernstein et al. paper about EdDSA, the authors claim EdDSA is resilient against collisions (i.e. it can still be secure even if the hash function used isn't collision-resistant), drawing on a ...
61 views

### i cant understand the meaning and the difference between linearity equation and affine and non linearity? [closed]

i cant understand the meaning and the difference between linearity and affine and non linearity equations and what is the meaning of the free term in affine form and how it make the equation non ...
135 views

### Is secure communication without public-key crytography feasible?

We all know about public-key cryptosystems, and we know some of these are computationally secure (for the time being, of course). Are there any algorithms out there which allow safe communication ...
575 views

### TLS encryption with a self-signed PKI and Python’s asyncio module

I want to enable TLS encryption with a custom / self-signed PKI for a self-contained distributed system built with Python 3’s asyncio. I’ve read Python’s ssl docs as well as several tutorials: ...
761 views

### TRNG vs PRNG - Entropy?

How much more entropy gives a Hardware Random Number Generator or True Random Number Generator compared to a Pseudo Random Number Generator? I know it depends on which TRNG is used, but I'm thinking ...
65 views

### Certificate for the public key

I am new to Network Security and learning about various security features like Diffie-Helmann and others. I understand that the Public key send by the server to the client needs to certified that it ...
115 views

### How can I design a cryptographically secure, key-dependent s-box?

I would like to design a cryptographically secure, key-dependent s-box, but I am not sure how. Mainly, because I am unsure about the difference in design compared to a random s-box. What is the ...
113 views

### Does this chat protocol exist?

I want to implement a secure chat via mobile. I´ld like to know if the following protocol for key agreement – which can use any asymmetric encryption – exists. Suppose Alice and Bob are two clients ...
86 views

### Logjam-style attack on Factoring?

We're all aware of the Logjam attack, which is known as "FREAK on discrete logarithms". The attack works by doing a large pre-computation step, which needs only to be done once per field and then ...