All Questions

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I read about zero knowledge proofs. Let's say you want to create an account at a website. You choose a password $p$ and from $p$ you derive deterministically a public & private key pair $(e,d)$ ...
148 views

What can cause similar MD5 hashes

I have a set of MD5 hashes with huge similarities in the second half of the hash, (made up) examples: ...
76 views

Why does the ElGamal signature have the specific form that it does?

In the original paper, ElGamal(1985) starts his discussion of signatures by saying: "The signature ..... is chosen such that the equation: $\alpha^m = y^r r^s \text{mod p}$ (equation 3 from the ...
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arithmetic calculation problem to quadratic arithmetic program

I am reading the Pinocchio paper (verifiable computation): http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/180286/pinocchio.pdf The paper is rather hard for me. I am considering this calculation problem: ...
176 views

Zero knowledge / proof of knowledge sudoku solution

I recently started a coursera course "cryptography 1" provided by Stanford university. In one point when explaining zero proof knowledge the instructor mentions the following: Almost any puzzle ...
596 views

Is it possible to create a “proof-of-upload” system for BitTorrent ratio tracking?

One issue that private BitTorrent trackers that track users' share ratios often run into is how to keep track of people who are screwing with their upload statistics, something known as ...
116 views

How to attack the Two Time Pad?

I encrypt 2 random keys with the same 'one' time pad. You can get both encrypted keys. You don't know anything besides the size. Is there a way to attack the two time pad in this scenario? And what ...
88 views

Looking for encryption algorithm not subject to known-plaintext attack with IV reuse

I've encountered an interesting problem where we can basically say the following: We need to encrypt messages, but we have no room to store IVs. We can synthesize IVs; however an attacker would be ...
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Adding a Random component to CBC MAC in order to enlarge the tag space

CBC MAC that is using AES as the underlying block cipher, has tag space of 2^128. If we add a random single block, concatenating it with the tag, and encrypt it again in AES CBC mode, with additional ...
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Why Might XOR's Lead to Hash Functions Lacking 2nd Pre-image Resistance?

My hash function is as follows: Cut the string in half (assume even length of 2m) XOR's the two halves together Take the result of the XOR and pass it to a function (a one-to-one and "onto" ...
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Encryption of plain text using stream cipher algorithm

We know that in stream cipher algorithms plain text and generated key are Xored byte by byte. Generated key depends on how much plain text there is and on that basis key will generate and plain text ...
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Matsui's Linear attack on DES P box

I'm trying to understand Matsui's linear attack on DES and I have something I don't understand in his paper. In his paper he say that: $NS_{5}(16,15)=12$ (which is OK) and from that he say that: ...
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Permuted vectors

Consider we have two vectors $v_1, v_2$ of size $n$, and each vector contains $n$ elements. We permute the vectors as: $\pi (k_1,v_1), \pi (k_2,v_2)$. Where $\pi (k_i,v)$ denotes a permutation of a ...
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Is a padding oracle attack possible if data is only encrypted internally on a server (e.g. for storage)?

I read something about the padding oracle attack when analysing the use of an AES-encryption of data in a database and was "scared" it could be a serious issue. But after investigating a bit further, ...
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How do revocation certificates work in PGP?

I've already read how to build and upload them, but I'm wondering how revocation certificates work, what informations they hold and so on. Suppose my private key is compromised, but I have a ...
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Which one these alternatives using authentication and encryption will solve this multiple-user database problem?

Which one these alternatives using authentication and encryption will solve this multiple-user database problem ? I'm trying to understand the field of cryptography, so I've started reading a ...
2k views

Why does second pre-image resistance imply pre-image resistance

I am studying hash functions. I can understand why collision resistance implies second preimage resistance, but I don't get why second preimage resistance should imply first preimage resistance. ...
3k views

Multiple private keys for single public key

I am currently working in security in mobile ad-hoc networks. I have several clusters, and I want to send some data encrypted with its public key, from the cluster head to the cluster members. I ...
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What is the signifcance of inside threat in “How to Construct Multicast Cryptosystems … Secure Against CCA2”

In How to Construct Multicast Cryptosystems Provably Secure Against Adaptive Chosen Ciphertext Attack, the paper states under preliminaries: We consider the scenario where a single party, called ...
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Swap $x$ and $k$ in GGM construction

I'm studying the Goldreich-Goldwasser-Micali construction from pseudo-random generators to pseudo-random functions. In this specific construction, assume $G:\{0,1\}^n\rightarrow \{0,1\}^{2n}$ is a ...
155 views

Linear Recurrence, keystreams, and periods

I am trying to understand the following problem: Consider the following linear recurrence over $Z_2$ of degree four: $z_{i+4} = (z_{i+3} + z_{i+2} + z_{i+1} + z_{i}) \bmod 2$ i >= 0. ...
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Generating interactive, secure multiple ECC key pairs deterministically

In Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) assuming user A has a private public key pair of $S$, $P$ accordingly with generator point $G$ which as we know is: $$P=S*G$$ Assuming that user A wants to ...
It is not easy to understand why this becomes a hard problem. The discrete logarithm problem as defined here: “any integer k that solves $b^k = \{g\mod{n}\}$ is termed a discrete logarithm” i.e.: ...