All Questions

1answer
73 views

How to choose the integer m in the general number field sieve (GNFS)?

Given an integer you want to factor $N$, GNFS starts by selecting a monic irreducible polynomial $f \in \mathbb{Z}[X]$ and an integer $m$ such that $f(m) \equiv 0 \text{ mod } N$. In practice, if $m$ ...
3answers
3k views

Using ECDSA keys for encryption

I know that ECDSA is used for signature only, but I wonder if I can use the public/private Elliptic Curve keys for encryption too. I have ECDSA SSH public keys and I wonder if I can use them to ...
4answers
736 views

Why don’t all AES encryption tools produce the same key from the same password?

Alice and Bob meet regularly. They have agreed face-to-face a 128 bit password which they want use to encrypt/decrypt emails written between them. They decide to use 256-bit AES. Alice wrote her ...
1answer
249 views

Why using AES in ECB (Electronic Code Book) mode a bad idea? [duplicate]

Why using AES in ECB (Electronic Code Book) mode a bad idea? is CTR mode better? Given only these two can be used for parallelization.
1answer
202 views

Can AES in CBC mode be parallelized?

Is there any way to parallelize AES running in CBC mode? (The plan is to parallelize it using OpenMP)
1answer
363 views

modular exponentiation as a one-way-hash

As far as I can tell most one-way hashes apply some iterated encryption algorithm to the input data. What would be the issues with a one-way hash based on some fixed large prime p and a generator g ...
3answers
761 views

Practical Uses for Timing Attacks on Hash Comparisons (e.g. MD5)?

Consider the following code snippet: ...
0answers
96 views

Lightweight hash function

I am researching about lightweight hash functions and I've got two related questions: What is the standard or requirement for a hash function in general to be considered lightweight ? Why can it be ...
1answer
104 views

Is this adaptation of one-time-pad still secure?

Having shared a pad of length double the length of your anticipated message, splitting it into x and y. Then using x to encrypt the message, and using y twice to encrypt the next pad, would that be ...
1answer
76 views

Authenticating small packets

I intend to authenticate small packets of data, between 16 and 256 bytes each. For some of them encryption will also be required. This will be used on small micro controllers, with RAM sizes ranging ...
2answers
119 views

Secure Channel - Encryption and Decryption Keys For A Message

I'm currently reading Cryptography Engineering and in Chapter 7, the topic of secure channel is discussed. The channel described is using CTR for encryption. Below I include images with pseudo-code ...
1answer
98 views

LED cryptography algorithm

I would like to better understand the operation of the LED algorithm, especially the process of substitution and permutation of the blocks and especially the use of the keys in each round. The keys ...
1answer
689 views

Proofs by reduction and times of adversaries

I have some difficulties to understand, when we construct a reduction, how we determine the time for the constructed adversary to break a target security property. In general these details are not ...
0answers
58 views

Elliptic curve point addition

I have this curve in E(F131) : $$Y^2 = X^3 + X + 2$$ I want calculate the sum P + Q considering that $$P= (5,1)$$ and $$Q = (60, 49)$$ For calculate the result i use these formulas:  xr = ...
1answer
51 views

Winternitz Signature Scheme Verfication

I am reading page 39 in this "Post Quantum Cryptography" book. Why does equation 15 hold? There is no further knowledge about f and you definitely cannot use any power laws. So, why is ...
2answers
300 views

How to decrypt a PGP message with only the two primes and the public exponent?

I'm trying to decrypt a PGP Message that is encrypted with an RSA key, but I only have this information: Public exponent: 65537 Prime 1: ...
1answer
53 views

Can you identify this algorithm? [closed]

We are attempting to integrate our application in to a third party system. To do this we need to pass encrypted passwords in to this system. I have decompiled the assembly and looking at the code it ...
1answer
83 views

Differences between HMAC and HKDF in a specific case

I want to use a key derivation function to derive a key to another one. I think HKDF is the easiest solution in my case. The following picture gives a clear definition of it : ...
3answers
314 views

Fast PKI for embedded device

We are creating a device with a small microcontroller (20 MHz CPU 16 KiB RAM). We need some way to securely send signed files to device (only signature, no encryption necessary). An external company ...
2answers
180 views

Can AES be considered as Perfectly Secure?

I am studying about the AES encryption standard, and as I know from the theory there is no known weaknesses today about this block-cipher. I would like to find out or at least to understand what ...
1answer
62 views

What is the right notion of security to use for file encryption?

It seems that several file encryption systems do NOT use authenticated encryption. (E.g. gpg --symmetric and boxcryptor as far as I can determine). I understand that this is generally considered ...
0answers
100 views

Is there a mental poker algorithm that does not rely on commutative encryption?

The algorithm for mental poker that I saw on Wikipedia and everywhere else relies on an encryption algorithm such that $E_k(E_j(P)) = E_j(E_k(P))$, but I can't find a modern and secure algorithm for ...
0answers
45 views

Why does OMAC2 exist?

The specification for OMAC has the following to say about OMAC2: For OMAC2, we adopted u−1 instead of u2 as Cst2. It requires one right shift to compute L· u−1 instead of one left shift to compute ...
1answer
458 views

VKO GOST R 34.10-2001 (described in RFC4357), Key Agreement Algorithm. Looking for its implementation/detailed description/examples

VKO GOST R 34.10-2001 was described in RFC4357 Page 7 But the description is very poor. Here it is: This algorithm creates a key encryption key (KEK) using 64 bit UKM, the sender's private key, ...
1answer
84 views

What is the difference between H(M) and H3(M, s, IDA)? [closed]

What is the difference between H(M) and H3(M, s, IDA)? I am aware of Hash function with a Message and a Key, but there are three parameters in: H3(M, s, IDA). Here M is the message, s is the key, ...
3answers
3k views

How to attack a classical cipher using known partial plaintext?

I have a ciphertext generated by a classical cipher. I do not know what was cipher used to generate it. I do however have the beginning of the plaintext. What are the cryptanalysis approaches for ...
2answers
293 views

Operation modes of block ciphers how are used?

I am studying about different operation modes of block ciphers my question isn't something specific to that, but is how these operation modes are used in cryptography? I have this picture here ...
5answers
375 views

Effective security of block cipher – equal the key size, or half the key size?

The Wikipedia “Key Size” article states: The security of an algorithm cannot exceed its key length (since any algorithm can be cracked by brute force), but it can be smaller. … … … Most ...
0answers
68 views

Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof for discrete logarithm without random oracle

Is there any non-interactive zero-knowledge proof for discrete logarithm without random oracle over the group $\mathbb Z_p$?
3answers
10k views

Why hash the message before signing it with RSA?

The diagram below illustrates the process of digitally signing a message with RSA: As diagram shows, the message is first hashed, and the signature is then computed on the hash, rather than on the ...
3answers
336 views

How to prove that someone encrypted a specific (large) chunk of data

Alice encrypts her data with HER secret key. Then she sends the encrypted data to Bob who should encrypt it with HIS secret key. Caroline should then eventually get this double encrypted data. ...
2answers
81 views

Improving on a clocked PRNG

I recently developed a PRNG from scratch with a little inspiration from the initialization function used in the HC stream cipher. The state ($S$) of the basic version is an array of 5 bytes and uses ...
0answers
352 views

Looking for C++/Python Open Source code library for cryptanalysis of classical ciphers [closed]

I've done a significant amount of coding over the years working on classical ciphers (e.g., Chaocipher, D'Agapeyeff). My main programming languages today are C++ and Python, although there was a time ...
0answers
59 views

Why is public key cryptography not widely used in governments? [closed]

Are there any practical limitations? Govt driving license, passport, SSN could be digitally signed making it easy for anyone to validate. They can have a qr code in them which can be easily validated ...
2answers
350 views

What does a stream cipher provide that cannot be obtained with AES CTR mode operation?

I can precompute the key stream for the CTR mode operation and the encryption at that point is similar to a stream cipher. So why are there stream ciphers still used and proposed after RC4? Recently ...
1answer
181 views

Finding public exponent e

I'm trying to create an algorithm to find the public exponent e given a plain (non-CRT) private key that doesn't include the public exponent, i.e. I've only got $n$ and $d$. A question has already ...
8answers
4k views

Is it possible to make time-locked encrytion algorithm?

I'm not sure if what I'm asking is even a valid question but here goes. Would it be possible to add a mechanism to an encryption algorithm that would mean it had to be a certain time of the day or a ...
0answers
68 views

Bilinear pairing arithmetic - cryptographic accumulators

For calculating accumulated values for set of elements chosen randomly from say ${ e_1 ,e_2,...e_n}\varepsilon X$ we use the formula $acc= g^{f(e,s)}$ where $f(e,s)= (e_1+s)(e_2+s).....(e_n+s)$ ...
0answers
58 views

Cryptographic enforcement schemes using Diffie-Hellman

If one wants to set up a decentralized cryptographic enforcement scheme in which the level of 'confidentiality' of information is marked by its position in a poset, why not use Diffie-Hellman to ...
2answers
41 views

Can a TLS client perform any DH regeneration?

I have only the barest understanding of cryptography, but I've been following the Logjam issue; some posts and articles (elsewhere) imply that a client can regenerate DH keys. Is Logjam solely a ...
2answers
585 views

Is HMAC-MD5 still secure for commitment or other common uses?

MD5 collisions have been out for some time. In spite of this, HMAC-MD5 is still secure for authenticating data1. This illustrates a strength of the HMAC construction, it does not require that the hash ...
3answers
133 views

Hash function such that fx(hash(s1),hash(s2)) = hash(concat(s1,s2))

First, I'm not a mathematician, so I may express this question awkwardly. Feel free to chuckle. I'm wondering if there exists a hash function h such that for given strings s1 and s2, and string ...
1answer
197 views

RSA public key exponent generation confusion

Quote from Wiki: $e$ having a short bit-length and small Hamming weight results in more efficient encryption — most commonly $2^{16} + 1 = 65537$. However, much smaller values of $e$ (such as $3$) ...
1answer
75 views

Would this method allow fast authenticated encryption using only a single encryption and RNG operation per block? [closed]

The most promising of the 4 approaches described here (version 4) has been posted as a separate question. This post should be considered for archiving and historical purposes only. Disclaimer: the ...
5answers
1k views

Can you make a hash out of a stream cipher?

A comment on another question made me wonder about something: Assume you're on a rather constrained platform — say, a low-end embedded device — with no built-in crypto capabilities, ...
0answers
48 views

Discrete log in Galois Extension Field

I was reading 'Pinocchio Coin' paper by Danezis et al. where they have said, "If we use the efficient pairing groups of Pinocchio, computing discrete logarithms in the exponent field $\mathbb{F}_p$ ...
1answer
237 views

How to calculate RSA CRT parameters from public key and private exponent

Given the public key (n, e) and private exponent (d), how to calculate CRT parameters (p, q, dP, dQ, and qInv) of this RSA key pair?
3answers
206 views

Would this method deliver a perfectly non-malleable encryption for at least two blocks? [closed]

Disclaimer: the algorithms I present here (and in other messages) are used as a hands-on way to learn about developing crypto algorithms, (and might also be of interest for other curious people), not ...
2answers
46 views

Would this method allow fast authenticated encryption using only a single encryption operation per block?

[This approach is flawed. A different speculative approach using an RNG instead of the cipher as a source of entropy was posted as a separate question] Assume $E$ is a block cipher, $C_0 = IV$ and ...
0answers
71 views

Name of this attack?

I am studying Merkle tree signature. Let $\sigma=(s,Y_s,\sigma_{\text{OTS}},As)$ be a signature of certain document. Here $s$ is the index of leaf, $Y_s$ is the respectively OTS public key and $A_s$ ...

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