# All Questions

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### Is it possible to perform one-way Diffie-Hellman MITM?

Here's something that is bugging me recently: suppose that me and my friend establish an OTR session and - as a result of that - DH key exchange is performed. My friend verifies my key, but I cannot ...
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### How much work is required to detect multiple collisions for a hash function?

Assume an ideal hash function of output size n bits, detecting one collision requires approximately 2^(n/2) evaluations of the ...
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### Security issues for integrating AAA and OTP services [closed]

What are the main security issues for integrating AAA and OTP services. In our organization with about 1000 clients, we want to integrate the services. What are the main security issues about the ...
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### Should the nonce passed to GCM be authenticated?

This answer recommends authenticating the IV with HMAC when using AES and then HMAC. Since AES-GCM provides authentication too, should the external nonce passed to GCM be authenticated separately ...
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### display an image encrypted with ECB [closed]

On wikipedia there is an example of a picture encrypted with ECB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29 I just wanted to know how an encrypted ...
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### Security aspects of using a global values as nonce and additional data for AES? [closed]

is it a good idea to use global values as nonce / additional data? What problems can occur? What should be take in account when we deal with such parameters for encryption. Thanks
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### Simple message authentication code

I used to figure that message authentication codes function like digital signatures: a hash of a message is calculated and then encrypted with a secret key. To verify the authenticity of a message, ...
153 views

### Reusing one-time-pad with random plaintext

I understand that by definition one-time-pad keys cannot be reused but I was thinking about the case where it is used to send random data and couldn't find anything on the subject so here is my idea: ...
297 views

### How does RSA padding work exactly?

I've read everywhere online and people say plain text RSA is very unsafe. To make it safe you pad it but no examples are shown anywhere on how to do it. It's explained that random data is added to the ...
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### Why the data length is shifted 3-bit in MD4 Java implementation? [closed]

In RFC 1320, It is stated that "A 64-bit representation of b (the length of the message before the padding bits were added) is appended to the result of the previous step. In the unlikely event that b ...
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### Is it an example of bilinear pairing?

Consider a bilinear pairing $e: G_1 \times G_2 \rightarrow G_T$. Let's assume, $G_1 = G_2 = G_T = (\mathbb{Z}_n,+)$, i.e. additive group of integer modulo $n$ and $e(x,y) = xy$ mod $n$. Isn't it an ...
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### How does cryptanalysis of the Playfair cipher work?

I have a set of Playfair-enciphered data that I'm trying to crack without the key. I know I need to analyse bigrams; I've currently worked out what decrypts to th, ...
1k views

### Secure way to encrypt and decrypt a folder on Mac or Linux? [closed]

I am looking for a way to securely encrypt files on Mac and Debian. OpenSSL comes pre-installed on Mac OSX and Debian/Ubuntu. Therefore, is this a safe/recommended way of encrypting individual files? ...
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### Is RC4 +XOR secure for small data?

I need to encrypt transmission between my device (with AVR processor) and base. I create packet data - it will be encrypted into string: ...
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### wireless network security protocol

In network security, encryption and integrity done by the same algorithm that is AES-CCM in that MIC generated by CBC-MAC and encryption done by CTR mode. So suppose I want to do encryption with any ...
148 views

### BEAST attack confusion

I understand that BEAST is a CPA using javascript injected onto the browser's webpage. Apparently the thing that BEAST exploits is the fact that the IVs are predictable. What I'm confused about is why ...
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### Why can't I use ECB with some obfuscation for transient RAM?

I understand that ECB does not hide data patterns well. But my understanding is that it cannot be broken to "know" the underlying message. If that was the case, why can't ECB be used with some ...
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### HMAC-Ripemd-160 in TrueCrypt

I'm wondering if it is still secure. I know TrueCrypt closed its doors but I continue using it because the cryptoaudit didn't find any huge bugs or security issues in TrueCrypt. But I have a bad ...
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### Is there a kind of OS entropy pool on Windows systems? [closed]

I am wondering if Windows provides an equivalent of /dev/urandom from linux ? Or any kind of system entropy pool ?
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### Practical Attack on RSA

Currently I am designing an RSA based application, and I am thinking of how long should the key be in order to be secure against attacks. I know that RSA 4096 bit key can be recovered using Sound ...
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### chacha20-poly1305 padding and length encoding

The AEAD construction for chacha20-poly1305 described in the IETF proposal encodes message lengths into the text that is to be hashed. The newer proposal goes further and pads associated data and ...
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### Differential Privacy and appropriate noise distribution

In differential privacy solutions and more specifically for queries that they do entail counting the proposed solutions define the Laplace distribution that is best calibrated for low error. Other ...
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### Feldman's VSSS: Showing the Correctness of shares that are Consistent

This is something with which I am struggling to get my head around. In Feldman's VSSS, I am aware that the Dealer broadcasts exponentials $a_{1},...,a_{t-1}$ of the secret $K$ and the coefficients ...
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### Why should I use X.509 Authentication over PKC based Authentication?

So I have two examples and I don't understand why one would be chosen over the other. Example 1. A sends EPUb[r1] to B (asks B to prove knowledge of ...
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### Can AES in CCM or GCM counter mode interoperate with AES in “plain” counter mode (CTR)?

I am exploring the use of Windows CNG to replace some OpenSSL-based code that takes advantage of AES in counter mode. From the outside, everything should look the same after the switch. The section ...
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### Public key encryption and big files with NaCL

I am trying to encrypt big files using NaCL (actually PyNaCL) - see http://nacl.cr.yp.to/box.html After reading some docs, I came up with this prototype : Bob wants to send a big file to Sarah. They ...
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### Nonces being used in SSL and MAC to prevent replay attacks

I'm a bit confused in the way nonces are used in these processes to prevent replay attacks. Heres How I think it works during SSL: Nonces are exchanged during stage one of the handshake protocol. ...
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### Unbreakable code and mathematical impossibility

Is an unbreakable code mathematically possible , considering a code with finite number of characters but has infinite combinations , using brute force is it not compulsory that the correct code be ...
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### open source whitebox-crypto implementation

I am trying to code a simple WBC situation to help my understanding about white-box cryptography. Details: I have 2 programs, a "server" and a "client", the server utilises caesar cipher (key = 2) ...
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### Is RSA with SHA1 broken?

I am using CryptSignMessage to sign a string/file. Is using RSASha1 insecure? I know Sha1 is broken as a hashing algorithm, but does that also mean that using it for signing with RSA is broken?
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### Confused with the role of AES round keys

AES works when each plaintext block is arranged in a 4x4 array of bytes called states. State goes through 10 rounds of encryption consisting of 4 operations: bytesub, shiftrow, mix columns and add ...