# All Questions

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### Possibility of factorisation of rsa modulus due to vulnerability in java implementation code

Below is my implementation of the RSA algorithm. Actually I'm choosing the private key (d) instead of public key (e) and computing the public key.It is working fine but I want to know if this is a ...
1k views

### is AES secure for java application licensing

I have to license a java application and want to code a quick implementation, the scheme I came up with is: 1) The Application calculates a string X which we assume to be the md5 sum of the ...
1k views

### GPG vs PGP vs OpenSSH and management of them [closed]

What is the main difference of the three? Can I use only one of them for everything (e.g. GPG for SSH authentication) If I encrypt my private key with a pass-phrase, is it strong enough so that if ...
114 views

### Security relevance of random factor in Paillier

In the Paillier cryptosystem [1] the encryption of $m \in \mathbb{Z}_N$ with randomness $r \in \mathbb{Z}_n^*$ is $c = g^m r^n \bmod{n^2}$. The additive-homomorphic property of the system shows that ...
4k views

### What is the difference between MAC and HMAC?

In reference to this question, what are the "stronger security properties" that HMAC provides over MAC. I got that MAC requires an IV whereas HMAC doesn't. I also understood that MAC may reveal ...
174 views

### Is solving a modular linear equation a hard problem when the coefficient is not an invertible element?

Assume that we have a linear equation like this: $$ax=b \pmod n$$ when $x$ is the unknown, and $a$ is not an invertible element in $n$. is finding $x$ a hard problem? (by solving I mean finding an ...
611 views

### What goals is homomorphic encryption aiming to solve?

As I understand from this article about homomorphic encryption, it mainly aims to enhance the security of cloud computing. We should be able to encrypt data and send it to the cloud. After it is send, ...
229 views

### How to secure a mental poker protocol? [closed]

I would like to implement a mental poker protocol in a secure fashion. How should I go about that without (preferably) infringing on the Mental Poker Framework patent?
469 views

### Simple RC4 key generation scheme

I would like to ask you about your opinion on the following scheme of combining a master key and a nonce and stretching the result to the full 256-bytes RC4 key. Master key $K_m$ is a pre-shared ...
312 views

### Why do we assume un-security of communication channel on every cryptography system

While reading about a few cryptographic systems, I noticed that we always assume the communication channel is not secured. Why is this assumption made? And, why the effort is being put into designing ...
259 views

### While generating a random Elliptic curve what are the conditions i have to considerd?

I want to generate a random elliptic curve over a prime field. What are the conditions I should satisfy? For the NIST recommended standard ECC-224 bit curve with prime $p=2^{224}-2^{96}+1$, a ...
151 views

### How to solve the reverse of an equation that uses MOD?

I've been tasked with reverse engineering an unknown crypto function. The function uses the following constants: $a=380951$: I noticed that this is a prime number $b=3182$: I noted that this is a ...
133 views

### In RSA, how to make sure that $p-1$ and $q-1$ are still hard to factorize?

See this question. The comment by Brett Hale stated: On the other hand, ensuring $(p - 1)$ has a large prime factor requires very little extra effort. What's actually the 'little extra effort'?
176 views

### Is it safe for the ChaCha8 nonce to be deterministic?

ChaCha8 takes a 8 byte nonce (or IV) that should not be the same twice for the same key. Generating this nonce randomly makes me very very nervous for collisions. Is it safe to generate this nonce ...
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801 views

### Fastest multiplication algorithm for efficient exponentiation in C++?

First I apologize if this question is better tailored for SO, but since I'm using the method for crypto stuff, I thought I'd ask anybody that might know here. Karatsuba algorithm does a pretty good ...
301 views

### Digital signatures in SSL/TLS-like protocols

The TLS protocol includes an optional Server Key Exchange message that is signed by the server. It seems to me that this message is digitally signed only to prove to the client that the message ...
1k views

### From hash to Cryptographic hash

After reading some excellent papers on SipHash, I understood that good non-cryptographic hashes such as MurmurHash and CityHash are not secure for MAC usage, due to a certain type of DDos attack ...
173 views

### Is the following key stretching algorithm as memory hard as I think it is?

I'm having some fun designing a key stretching algorithm that can be implemented in pure Python. It's built entirely out of the standard library's hash functions in an attempt to at least wrest some ...
232 views

### Computational indistinguishability and example of non polynomial algorithm

The wikipedia page on computational indistinguishability says that two ensembles are not distinguishable if "any non-uniform probabilistic polynomial time algorithm A" cannot tell them apart. To help ...
200 views

### homomorphic encryption special case of multi party computation?

I read that Fully Homomorphic Encryption schemes are special case of Secure MPC in page no 3. Especially , generalization of two party computation problems stated by Yao But is there any additional ...
508 views

### Is storing original file size in an encrypted file header a bad idea?

I'm encrypting a file using AES-256 in CBC mode. I'm padding to the 16-byte input multiple by using the PKCS#7 limit. The problem I'm currently having is that if I'm transferring or reading the ...
958 views

### Validating successful decryption in AES

I have a program which uses AES-256 in CBC mode to encrypt and decrypt files. As I have quickly realized, AES will even use an incorrect passphrase to decrypt data, which leaves me with no way to ...
44 views

### Is there a way to analyse xxHash and tell, either by human analysis, or with an automated tool, that this hash function is or is not cryptographic? [duplicate]

After reading some excellent papers on SipHash, I understood that good non-cryptographic hashes such as MurmurHash and CityHash are not secure for Internet usage, due to a certain type of DDos attack ...
922 views

### AES key/ciphertext space sizes

This is giving me a brain ache now... If I have AES-128, block is 128 bit, then every plaintext (128-bit) can be encrypted to some ciphertext that is also 128-bit. This is the block size. But: 128-bit ...
154 views

### Why is Blum-Goldwasser not IND-CCA-2 secure?

Consider the Blum-Goldwasser encryption scheme as described on Wikipedia. I was told that it was not IND-CCA-2 secure. I heard there was malleabilty, probably it has to do with XOR-ing. But I do not ...
In the definition below, what exactly does it mean for the adversary (not even sure that's the correct term?) to equal one? $$\underset{K}{Pr} \left [A^{F_k(\cdot)} = 1 \right ]$$ Source (Page ...