All Questions

72 views

Does a cryptosystem provide unconditional security if and only if it provides perfect secrecy?

Is unconditional security and perfect secrecy one and the same thing, i.e a cryptosystem provides unconditional security if and only if it provides perfect secrecy ? I've wondered about the above and ...
99 views

Group description in pairing based cryptography

Suppose we have a public key encryption scheme, in which public parameter contains $(p, G, G_t, e, g)$, where $p$ is prime number, $G$ is a (cyclic) group of prime order, $e:G \times G \mapsto G_t$. ...
58 views

MD-compliant hashes don't really accept arbitary length input, do they?

When people talk about hash functions, they usually say that they accept arbitrary-length input, but if you actually look at the padding (eg MD-strengthening padding), you see it's like ...
44 views

Repeating something encrypted and non-encrypted?

If one wants to keep the receiver's name non encrypted, but it also appears in the encrypted message - will it leak information? (other than the receiver's name, of course.) Let's assume a "bad" case ...
52 views

simulating rc4-256 with rc4-128

OpenSSL supports rc4 with 128-bit keys and rc4 with 40-bit keys. It does not support rc4 with 256-bit keys. My question is... is it possible to modify the state of the pseudo-random generation ...
40 views

Condition on Vector Boolean Function to be Bijective

Suppose the vector boolean function be \begin{align} f:F^n_2 \longrightarrow F_2^n \\ (x_1,\dots ,x_n) \longrightarrow (x_2,\dots x_n,g) \\ \\ g:F^n_2 \longrightarrow F_2 \\ (x_1,\dots ,x_n) ...
105 views

Using bcrypt derived keys for encryption?

Sorry for this ignorant question but I am currently weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of BCrypt over PBKDF2 and from what I have read BCrypt is considered more secure but from what I have ...
73 views

Random Permutation polynomial

I need to know, please: (1) Is there anyway to pick uniformly at random permutation polynomial in a field of prime order? (2) Are there many permutation polynomials in a field? (3) In a finite ...
76 views

Can DH_anon really be exploited by an attacker?

General consensus is that DH_anon (and ECDH_anon) ciphersuites should be disabled since they offer no way to verify if the server is the one you intend to communicate with. However, I have never run ...
207 views

AES— Brute force attack versus Known plain text attack

I am taking a codes and cryptology course and the following is a questions on a past exam that I could not and still can't solve: ...
350 views

What are SNARKs?

What does it mean and what is it used for, I have been hearing this term a lot lately. From the context I've heard it talked about it seems to be connected with zero knowledge?
286 views

Why does openssl use SHA1 in ECC when I use secp384r1 curve

I need a small clarification that why openssl using SHA1 in ECC when I am using secp384r1 curve, but in rfc they are saying we should use SHA2. Thing here is am using nanoECC in my DTLS, nanoECC ...
102 views

RSA prove $a^{\varphi(n)/g} \equiv 1 \pmod{n}$

I should prove that $a^{\varphi(n)/g} \equiv 1 \pmod{n}$, so I thought I would prove it with primitive roots but I got stuck. Here is the assignment: Let $p, q$ be primes such that $p \ne q$. ...
178 views

Frequency analysis of Vigenere Cipher

For Vigenere cipher, I understand Find period first (say we have p = 6) Find highest frequency of letter in each group (from 1 to 6) and assume it is "e" in plaintext What if we have more than ...
141 views

Operation which needs much computing power to be created, but just a little to be solved?

Does somebody know a cryptographic/mathematic operation, that needs much computing power to be "encrypted"/"created" but doesn't need much power to be "decrypted"/"solved"?
97 views

Is it just as difficult to find a desired output in a hash digest, for MSB vs LSB?

This question comes to mind after seeing "custom" Bitcoin addresses with some special string at the beginning of the address. They are generated in the same way Bitcoins are "mined", continually ...
132 views

How to encrypt letters less than block n using Hill Cipher

I am learning about Hill Cipher and know that it is a block cipher where each block of n letters (considered as an $n$-component vector) is multiplied by an invertible $n \times n$ matrix, again ...
82 views

Is it possible to 'fake' time for TOTP? (Time-based One-time Password)

TOTP (Time-based One-Time Password) Algorithm is used in Two factor authentication. I understand the algorithm and that current time is used as a variable to generate a token. Wiki page for reference: ...
98 views

How can convert affine to Jacobian coordinates?

I have a point in affine coordinates: $(x,y)$. What should I do when I want to convert to $(X,Y,Z)$ in Jacobian coordinates? I need it for calculating ECC in a prime field.
253 views

How costly is to find millions of large prime numbers for RSA?

Consider I need to assign a large distinct prime number to each element in a large set. This must be deterministic so the function always gives me the same prime to the same value. What is the most ...
73 views

RFC3447 OBJECT IDENTIFIER semantic

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#appendix-B.1 ...
60 views

Key escrow on indistinguishability games

Does it mean that when PPT attacker is breaking an indistinguishable based (equivalent with semantic security) game with non negligible probability that he is able to infer the secret keys either on ...
297 views

Static DH/Static ECDH certificate using OpenSSL

I've been searching for some time and have found no way to create a working certificate and private key pair with a DH or ECDH public key using OpenSSL. Once I do this, I'd like to sign it with an RSA ...
118 views

Correctness vs Completeness

What is the conceptual difference between the definition of correctness and completeness in verifiable cryptographic protocols? They justify that if a statement is correct then the verification should ...
172 views

Strength and weaknesses of this JavaScript charCodeAt based login script

I know of a company on their website who are using this very basic password login page written in JavaScript. This doesn't seem very secure at all, because in the html source code it shows where the ...
91 views

EC Public Key length in ASN.1 DER

I have two X.509 certificates in DER format. A: ...
124 views

Is it possible to find out whether a number is greater than another number without knowing the numbers?

Is it possible to construct a zero knowledge proof that one encrypted number is larger (or not) than another encrypted number without releasing the values of either numbers?
219 views

Is there any consensus (i.e. are there any research results) on the benefits and drawbacks of various padding schemes? Generally there seem to be two kinds of them: random paddings, like ISO10126 ...
147 views

Is Rabin's cryptosystem secure against known-plaintext attacks?

I've bee learning about Rabin's cryptosystem, and I already know that Rabin's cryptosystem is vulnerable to a chosen-ciphertext attack, but I was wondering, is it also vulnerable against ...
58 views

Data I/O operations for encrypted files

I need to implement a simple approach on a Linux system to encrypt/decrypt data and I would appreciate any feedback from you. Basically, I need to change a bit the behavior of the functions ...
86 views

Trapdoors for lattices

I refer to an article https://eprint.iacr.org/2011/501. I focus on (a bit modified) Algorithm 1 which runs as follows (in my understanding): For given $n, m\in \mathbb N$, $q=2^k$ and a distribution ...
328 views

Isn't a simple Vernam cipher as secure as known symmetric key algorithms?

I have just read little about the Vernam cipher and the problems of implementing it. But, in practice, would not the key, if generated by a commonly used programming language's ...
109 views

What is the most secure key expansion routine?

I am looking at G now, but is there a better, (in terms of security and speed), means by which a byte array can be expanded that doesn't involve another cipher, just a simple algorithm? I need to ...
238 views

Are SSL/TLS used for maintaining data confidentiality?

In SSL/TLS, we use symmetric and asymmetric keys to encrypt the data. Does that mean that the keys are used to encrypt the data (preserve the integrity) or provide a secure channel for the data to be ...
48 views

Is MAC algorithm same at both sender and receiver end

The MAC algortihm which is used along with a secret key to generate a MAC tag on the sender end ,is it same at the receiver end also who again uses a MAC algorithm to generate a tag? If yes, then how ...
318 views

Is SHA related to AES or TLS in any way

I have been reading about SHA-2 family and I found a lot of in depth details, but I am confused about how it is related to TLS and AES. TLS encrypts data between server and client, but does it make ...
74 views

Counter Mode: how to choose the nonce part of the counter? [duplicate]

Suppose: The "counter field" is about: NONCE || CTR-VALUE. I have multiples messages $M_a, M_b, M_c, \dots$ Each message can be divided into x-bits blocks ($M_{a1}, M_{a2}, M_{a3}, \dots$). Each ...
79 views

Private Key - Memory Lifecycle

I often heard about private key storage, but rarely about key life cycle in memory. For example, when SSL is used from one peer, the private key is used to sign messages or decrypt other peers' ...
83 views

public key delivery without third party

I am currently working on an anonymous P2P file sharing application and I am elaborating some already existing solutions. Some of them allegedly provide point-to-point encryption using RSA ...
178 views

Whitening and randomness extraction

The Von Neumann randomness extractor is explicitly mentioned in the randomness extractor page of Wikipedia, but strangely enough that page does not contain any reference to whitening the results of an ...
122 views

Rate my idea: is that a stronger GPG-like algorithm?

I came up with a simple idea but I don't know if it is really secure or not. I know that you shouldn't create any algorithm on your own. I'm just curious, that's all. Algorithm explanation: First ...
166 views

Importance of salt when deriving an encryption key

I'm very curious to know this and a bit confuses too: Suppose, I have two files encrypted using AES-128bit with keys PBKDF2-derived from the same password and the same salt. If an attacker does ...
82 views

Generate Finite Field power of g

consider the field $\mathbb{F}_{2^4}$, defined by using polynomial representation with the irreducible polynomial $f(x) = x^4 + x + 1$. Given element $g = (0010)$ as a generator for the field, How ...
80 views

Public Key Cryptography: Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange

Please watch this video it's very short. If you already know cryptography and really good at it please start from 3:51. I didn't understand the step at 4:39, can someone here to explain? Why is ...