# All Questions

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### Implementations of Ntru TLS

Has anyone come across any implementations of Ntru TLS? I'm working a project for uni that does quantum secure encryption. It relies on a mix of Ntru & AES, but I can't find an implementation of ...
183 views

### Can I use HKDF to improve security of HMAC used with weak hash function?

I am writing a framework which encrypts/decrypts files (or streams, in general) with symmetric key using block cipher (for example, AES). To authenticate encrypted file, I use HMAC, which is ...
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### Block Ciphers - Standardize plain text

I need to use AES-128 to encrypt a plain text about 720 bits. Is it correct to say that – in this case – the plain text will be divided in 5 blocks of 128, the result will be equal 640 bits, and the ...
338 views

### ECC - ElGamal with Montgomery or Edwards type curves (curve25519, ed25519) - possible?

I know the usual way of using getting shared secrets for encryption with ECC is DH, however, this only works with two keypairs of exactly the same kind, for example two curve25519- or two p256-...
177 views

### Accelerated hashing on consumer-grade CPU?

Question is a follow-up to this one. The question was about accelerating SHA1. I am writing an application, where I do have a choice of hash algorithm, as long as it's a strong one. I want to be able ...
58 views

### Security of MSS

I have started reading about the Merkle Signature Scheme. I am a little confused about why it is believed to be secure against quantum attacks, couldn't the hash function be attacked? What would make ...
108 views

### Will adding space to the Vigenère block make it truly unbreakable?

I just have gotten into cryptography and learned about the Vigenère block. I think it's a very good idea because, if used correctly, it is unbreakable. But the only downsite is, the key must be the ...
186 views

### Finding Vigenère cipher key(s) [closed]

How can we find the key used with a Vigenère cipher in small number of steps? If we have text like: Peit Wokm! Mhfa fepatgb ets bvvrvxmea ebte bae twkd qiqi ...
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### Words in “index of coincidence” in relation to the Vigenère cipher

I am trying to interpret the formula for index of coincidence from here… I am not understanding $f_i$. How can I calculate $f_i$ in this context? Is this the appearance of single word like (<...
217 views

### Why must the sender and receiver be synchronised in synchronous stream ciphers?

I would like to know why the sender and receiver must be synchronized in synchronous stream ciphers as said in synchronous stream cipher. Why is there no synchronization between the sender and ...
270 views

### Why are there no OTP ciphers?

We all know the OTP is unbreakable and we all love the OTP (judging by the amount of question on this site). The strength of the OTP is not that it is unable to find a word without the key but you ...
349 views

### Factoring large numbers

I am trying to factor few integers that are each between 115 and 135 digits long. I was wondering if anyone knew of any efficient methods or any programs that I could use to find the two primes $p$ ...
314 views

### Use curve25519 for ElGamal crypto [duplicate]

DJB described curve25519 in his paper which can be found here (PDF). It seems that the main purpose was for Diffie-Hellman key exchange. I think this means that Discrete Log is supposed to be hard on ...
65 views

### Getting the encryption/has algorithm used for modem configuration file [closed]

Hello guys I have backed up my modem configuration file and found the username and password is in clear text; the files shows the username and the password is : ...
121 views

### Block Cipher Modes

I have a question here asking the following: Why do block ciphers need the use of blocking modes? To encrypt messages larger than the size of the block. To avoid having the same block ...
439 views

### Chi-Squared Step of Vigenere Cipher Decryption [duplicate]

So, I have been assigned an assignment where I had to solve a Vigenere cipher. Following along with this webpage I managed to get all the way to the chi-squared step. But, that is the problem. Upon ...
758 views

### Isn't a simple Vernam cipher as secure as known symmetric key algorithms?

I have just read little about the Vernam cipher and the problems of implementing it. But, in practice, would not the key, if generated by a commonly used programming language's ...
73 views

### RSA Signature Forgery

We all know that x509 certificates carry a signature that represents the certificate digest encrypted by the private key of the issuer. I believe that the digest is encrypted only providing one block,...
511 views

### inverse problem about scalar multiplication on elliptic curve

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over a finite field $F_p$. Given $n$ be a positive integer and $Q$ be a point on $E$, assume that $Q=nP$, how can we find this $P$? We can assume that $n|p-1$. If $n$ is "...
220 views

### Is this ECC encryption key sharing method okay?

Is this encryption key sharing okay to use? Or is much better to use ECIES? $G$ = base point $a$ = Alice’s private key $b$ = Bob’s private key $A = aG$ = Alice’s public key $B = bG$ = Bob’s public ...
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### What is the significance of i^Q mod P = 1 and are there any special properties to be aware of?

I'm studying UProve, and one of the fundamental components of this technology is based upon the relationship between i^Q mod P = 1 Lacking a specific name I can call this mathematical ...
281 views

### Establishing encryption key using shared secret

I need to establish some security on a network of 8 bit microcontrollers. very limited RAM, CPU and packet sizes. I have zeroed in on a shared secret based scheme. Setting up shared secret is out of ...
167 views

### Prime factorization

What is the largest integer that can be factored by modern algorithm like Msieve and GGNFS in a time less than 5 hours with normal computers? For example, can an integer like ...
2k views

### Using ECB as RSA encryption mode, but encrypted messages are unique

As I understand, ECB should not be used as encryption mode unless you are encrypting single blocks of data which are always unique and only are encrypted once. I have a collection of ids represented ...
744 views

### bcrypt - collision-resistance against chosen salt and work factor?

Would it be difficult to find $\:$ cost,salt,input,password0,password1 $\:$ such that bcrypt(cost,salt,password0,input) = bcrypt(workfactor,salt,password1,input) and $\:$ password0 != password1 $\:$ ...
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### HMAC for encrypted authentication token: recommended iteration number [duplicate]

In the web application I use 10,000+ iterations for hashing passwords stored in database (random salt and all). Password-related operations are not frequent enough to create a noticeable performance ...
249 views

### SQL-Like queries in CRYPTDB doesn't work [closed]

I have downloaded and built Cryptdb and it works well. Most of queries on encrypted database run without any issue but, the query with LIKE key word receives an ...
124 views

### Do hand-based hash functions / MACs exist?

Is there research on a hash function or a MAC that can be executed without computers? I know there's a lot of history on hand-based ciphers and the OTP can easily be excecuted by hand. (By using ...
1k views

### Simple protocol for 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer

I'm trying to explain the concept of 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer to folks who haven't seen this idea before. I can explain what properties it provides, but it's also helpful if I can show a simple ...
264 views

### Derive cipher IV and cipher Key using PBKDF2 with random salt?

It is said that cipher IV does not have to be secret and the only secret component of the encryption scheme should be a cipher key. Question: is it safe to generate IV using PBKDF2 function, which ...
76 views

### Is algorithm with more than $2^{word size}$ words secure? [closed]

Let's say we have a feistel cipher or feistel pseudo-random permutation with 8-bit function (S-box) similar to Treyfer, but with much bigger block size like 16MB. Here is example of such pseudo-random ...
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### Montgomery and Galois fields

I'm a little bit confused about the design of a RSA module in VHDL. My question isn't directly related to hardware design. I've read a lot of publications and I bought also a book. In one publications ...
102 views

### Device intercommunication with commands

I want to create a smart house project, and in that I bought some simple RF modules. Those modules don't support crypto out of the box but I want to connect them to a device that I would program to ...