# All Questions

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### Why are security against eavesdropping and security against CPA equivalent in the setting of public-key cryptography?

Why are security against eavesdropping and security against CPA equivalent in the setting of public-key cryptography?
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### Is the following authentication protocol insecure?

I am a student taking cryptography this semester. I was just wondering why can't we use this simple protocol? Alice → Open Connection → Bob Alice ← Cert$_b$ ← Bob Alice → {K$_{AB}$}$_{Bob}$ → Bob ...
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### Proofs of security methodologies

I'm looking for course material on the subject of proofs, reductions, and games, as used to prove cryptographic schemes secure. What are the methodologies? What are the preferred ones? In what cases ...
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### A block cipher with independent keys for each round

I want to modify a standard block cipher in the following way. I replace each round key by a key picked at random. Is this block cipher as secure as the original one ? Thank you. EDIT Some missing ...
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### Unforgeability and type of adversary

When trying to prove security of asymmetric signature, for instance for existential (or strong) unforgeability against chosen messages attack, do we need to consider the signer as a possible ...
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### Is this “layered” XOR cipher secure?

I am aware of the vulnerabilities of simple xor ciphers and recently I came across a block cipher that claims to solve those vulnerabilities. The cipher goes as follows with both the block and key ...
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### What are the pros and cons of deterministic site-specific password generation from a master pass?

I've been reading up a bit on deterministic password generators. All the ones I can find basically do something like this: Pick a master username and a master passphrase. The username could be your ...
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### Block cipher with key longer than block size

When a block cipher key length is greater than the block length, is it the case that for some keys $k_0, k_1$ (with $k_0 \not= k_1$) and plaintext message $m$ that $E_{k_0}(m) = E_{k_1}(m)$?
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### Logarithm in Private Set Intersection

Is the logarithm in the private set intersection protocol mentioned in Section 3.4, Step 5 of http://www.ece.umd.edu/~danadach/MyPapers/set-int.pdf, a base 10 or 2? How do we find this out?
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### LogSpace Merkle Traversal

I am studying LogSpace Merkle Tree Traversal algorithm in "Post Quantum Cryptography". I don't understand the Table 1 on page 58. My question is: Why within of the $2^h$ rounds for $NEED_h$ exist ...
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### Merkle Signature Generation

In the section 2 (page 42) of the book "Post Quantum Cryptography", it says: Then he generates the one-time signature $\sigma_{\text{OTS}}$ of the digest using the $s$-th one-time signature key ...
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### Merkle signature + PRNG?

In the section 3 (page 44) of the book "Post Quantum Cryptography", it says: Then each one-time signature key must be generated twice, once for the MSS public key generation and once during the ...
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### Winternitz One-Time Signature

I am reading the page 38 in this "Post Quantum Cryptography" book (Equations 8 and 9). My question is, why to compute the verification key $Y$, $f$ is applied $2^w-1$ times? Are there any security ...
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### How to specify last $t$ bits are only sent when a signature is sent?

I have read that in cases where there is a limit on the amount of data sent over the network, one idea is to sent only $t$ bits of data rather than sending all the bits. For example, in the Schnorr ...
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### Can you explain the counter in the Key derivation function of PACE?

I try to understand the PACE-Protocol, especially the Key Derivation Function in ECDH on page 33. Can someone explain me, what the Counter is good for? Often there are iteration counters in KDF - but ...
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### Combating traffic analysis over request-response protocols

Suppose I am to design a request-response protocol (similar HTTP). For the sake of simplicity let us assume that this is a "chat" protocol where the client can only perform two actions: Contribute a ...
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### Usage of Fermat primes in RSA

Why are Fermat primes ($2^{2^n}+1$) useful as $e$ (the public key) in RSA encryption? I understand why $2^n+1$ primes are useful, because they would simply be ...
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