# All Questions

2answers
502 views

### Can RSA encryption produce collisions?

In RSA, a message is encrypted by $m^e \pmod N$. $N$ is the modulus, $m$ is the message and $e$ is the public exponent. (I know that $m$ should not be greater than $N$.) My question is, can $m^e$ be ...
0answers
70 views

### Is it possible to build an unfair noisy channel from 1 out of 2 oblivious transfer [closed]

For a fair channel, sender sends a bit b and receiver gets it with probability 1/2 and gets b's flipped value with probability 1/2. It is trivial to build a fair noisy channel from 1 out of 2 ...
1answer
126 views

### What “Tag Length” should be used for the EAX MAC?

Since EAX is very flexible with regard to the length of the calculated MAC (what they call "tag" is the MAC value right?), and the EAX paper as well as other documentations carefully avoid suggesting ...
1answer
421 views

### Would RSA-encrypting a private key for itself constitute a vulnerability?

I'm planning to encrypt some individual files for storage, using the GnuPG implementation of RSA. If I happened to encrypt the private key corresponding to the public key used for encrypting -- either ...
4answers
772 views

### Can you make a hash out of a stream cipher?

A comment on another question made me wonder about something: Assume you're on a rather constrained platform — say, a low-end embedded device — with no built-in crypto capabilities, ...
1answer
856 views

### X9.62 Multiplying an elliptic curve point by a number

I'm currently trying to implement ecdsa and the first problem i met -- multiply an elliptic curve point by a number. As far as i understand X9.62 gives some recommendation for doing it but i ...
1answer
1k views

### AES-NI implementation examples

Newer Intel and AMD processors have hardware support for implementing AES using the instruction set AES-NI (instructions AESENC, AESKEYGENASSIST etc). Do you know of any clean example implementation ...
1answer
369 views

### Making ECDSA public keys one bit shorter

In compressed form, ECDSA public keys are one bit larger than the curve size. There are some situations where this extra bit is extremely inelegant. So I had the following idea as a way to remove it. ...
2answers
253 views

### One-way function and factoring

I am confused about the hardness of the one-way function behind cryptography -- if someone could factor the large number produced back into two primes quickly then the one-way function would be ...
1answer
540 views

### What is the correct way to generate cryptographically-secure pseudorandom numbers in C?

I am learning about crypto, purely for my own interest. As part of that I am implementing a simple 'one time pad' toolset in C. Naturally I need to generate random numbers to create the pad, and they ...
2answers
515 views

### Can we use elliptic curve cryptography in wireless sensors?

Can we use elliptic curve cryptography in wireless sensors? If so, how do you map points to message characters?
1answer
363 views

### Brute forcing Cardan grille

Having a "rotating" square Cardan Grill with sides long n cells, how could i determinate the cost of a brute-force attack? How many configurations should be considered to perform an exhaustive ...
0answers
140 views

### Security of stream cipher based on Matrix multiplication GF(256) with randomized padding

The actual question is stated at the end of the text. Suppose you have a (grossly inefficient) confidentiality stream cipher with the following components: The keyed function ...
3answers
386 views

### Trying to find a different DES encryption system explanation

I need a mathematical explanation of what does the DES encryption system really do. This means I need more explanation than the one that offers FIPS, which is more an explanation for computer ...
1answer
155 views

### DIfferent inner and outer hash functions for NIST Recommended HMAC?

The NIST recommended HMAC uses $$\operatorname{HMAC}_k(text) = H_\mathrm{out}( (k \oplus \mathrm{opad}) \operatorname\| H_\mathrm{in}((k \oplus \mathrm{ipad}) \operatorname\| text) )$$ Is it ...
1answer
2k views

### Big-O Notation: Encryption Algorithms

I am currently completing a dissertation concerning the encryption of data through a variety of cryptographic algorithms. I have spent much time reading journals and papers but as yet have been ...
2answers
4k views

### How does a chosen plaintext attack on RSA work?

How can one run a chosen plaintext attack on RSA? If I can send some plaintexts and get the ciphertexts, how can I find a relation between them which helps me to crack another ciphertext?
2answers
280 views

### Is there a hash algorithm that is slow to calculate but relatively fast to check?

Or more generally, is there a function or algorithm that is slow to calculate/execute, has a reliable execution time, and has a result that can be tested much more quickly than the calculation took?
1answer
2k views

### Is AES restricted to only 64 characters for the key/password?

I am wondering if AES only supports 64 character passwords? When using truecrypt, the maximum character limit on passwords is 64 characters; however, when using WinRAR, the limit is 128 characters. ...
1answer
3k views

### What is the difference between CBC and GCM mode?

I am trying to learn more about GCM mode and how it differs between CBC. I already know that GCM provides a MAC which is used for message authentication. From what I have read, and seen code ...
3answers
680 views

### Crypto-Compression Algorithms?

I was wondering, whether there exist such algorithms/enciphering procedures which both compress and encrypt the input data. That means, for starters, the output will be both smaller in size and ...
2answers
161 views

### CPA distinguisher for matrix multiplication in GF(256) with randomized padding

What is the best CPA distinguisher for the function $F_k:\{0,1\}^{8n}\to\{0,1\}^{16n}$ described below? Let $E_k$ be a $2n\times2n$ matrix with elements in $GF(2^8)$, selected by generating bit ...
2answers
283 views

### My custom handshake

I am a beginner in cryptography and I designed a custom handshake between 2 entities $\rm C$ (client) and $\rm S$ (server) which should meet the following requirements: Requirements: The handshake ...
1answer
165 views

### In RSA, rationale for prime $p$ with $p-1$ having prime factor $u$ with $u-1$ having large prime factor?

In the 1978 RSA paper, it is recommended, among other things, to choose primes $p$ such that $(p-1)$ has a large prime factor $u$. This was motivated by Pollard's p-1 algorithm. Further, the authors ...
1answer
226 views

### Twofish key length

I'm using twofish. Say you have a 120 bit key, is there any difference in using a 128 bit bit keylength or a 256 bit one? Since the most significant digits of the key will be allo zero in both cases, ...
1answer
658 views

### Efficient and stateless anti-forgery method

One use of an anti-forgery token is to prevent Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks. The attacker doesn't need to sniff the wire in order to carry out a CSRF attack. This attack relays on the ...
1answer
1k views

### Trouble with diffie-hellman groups

Is anyone able to point me towards a known-to-be-good diffie-hellman group? I currently use group 24 (RFC5114, 2048-bit MODP Group with 256-bit Prime Order Subgroup). It came to me that this group is ...
1answer
331 views

### Sites to find crypto intermediate values

Does anyone know of any sites where intermediate values of multiple crypto algorithms (not just the famous ones), including hashes, can be found? I don't just mean intermediate values of encrypting. ...
3answers
768 views

### Can I use a one time pad key twice with random plaintext?

I understand the basics of OTP: $|\text{key space}| = |\text{plaintext space}|$ implies perfect security, key reuse destroys this. Cryptanalysis on the $N$-Time Pad for $N > 1$ involves finding ...
1answer
251 views

### Implementing Paillier Signature Scheme in Delphi

I've been trying to implement the Paillier Signature Scheme in Delphi, but I can't get it to work and I don't know where the problem is. First of all, I got my info about the scheme from this paper. ...
2answers
554 views

### ECC algorithm pollard's $\rho$ complexity

One of the methods to break a ECDLP is Pollard's rho algorithm. When ECDLP is defined over a finite field $F_p$, and given a relation $S=w.T$, where S and T are a member of $F_p$. Then ECDLP is to ...
1answer
386 views

### Can a user of a password-protected Wi-Fi sniff on other user's communication?

Imagine a Wi-Fi network protected by WEP/WPA/WPA2. Users can join the network in case they know the pre-shared key of the access point. Is it possible for a user A (who has successfully logged into ...
2answers
295 views

### Does AES specify error messages when using the wrong password to decrypt?

I am writing a small program which uses AES. In testing it with wrong passwords, I get error prompts from Microsoft C# component saying "the padding is bad"; whereas I expect wrongly decoded texts. Do ...
2answers
229 views

### What challenge should I use in a challenge-response proof-of-work?

In order to guard against denial-of-service attacks, I want to require clients to do some work (more work than the server does fulfilling the request) before talking to them. Client connects Server ...
1answer
72 views

### Rapidly changing passwords?

Suppose you need to authenticate yourself to a program with the password - but the program's source code is public, the program doesn't have access to any private information and all your ...
0answers
304 views

### Openssl implementation of improved sha1 hashing [closed]

I want to use the improved sha1 hashing algorithm from the Intel blog described here Intel sha1 hashing. Currently I am using Openssl sha1 hashing in my application. I wanted to know if anybody has ...
2answers
253 views

### Unit testing a library RNG and its seeding for practical security

Suppose I have a cryptography library that provides me with a black-box random number generator that is supposed to be suitable for long-lived key generation. (Under the hood it may be assumed to use ...
3answers
806 views

### Is RSA padding needed for single recipient, one-time, unique random message?

I want a way to encrypt files using this process: http://crypto.stackexchange.com/a/15 . That is: generate a random password, use that to AES-encrypt a file, and use an RSA public key to encrypt the ...
1answer
2k views

### Could one prevent double spending in decentralized digital currencies (like Bitcoin) without all transactions being public?

A recent approach to creating a decentralized online currency, called Bitcoin, has been generating some interest. The goal is to have a way to transfer currency without a central authority and without ...
1answer
227 views

### ZKIP for Paillier public key correctness

I'm using the Paillier cryptosystem in a protocol similar to mental poker. In the beginning of the protocol, each player generates a Paillier public key $(n,g)$. Later in the protocol, a player may ...
2answers
265 views

### Factoring a polynomial over a GF [closed]

I have the following question: What polynomial, when factored over the field $GF (2^8)$ based on the irreducible polynomial that is used in Rijndael, will factor into all the polynomials in the ...
3answers
672 views

### Division in paillier cryptosystem

Is division possible in the Paillier Cryptosystem? i.e. given a the cipher-text $C$ of an integer $M$ the plain-text divisor $D$, and only the public key, can one compute the cipher-text of $M/D$ ?
1answer
268 views

### Which encodings have |encoding key| >> |decoding key|?

I'm looking for an encoding scheme that requires a very large encoding key E (>10MB) and suffices with a relatively small decoding key ...
2answers
2k views

### How to calculate an IV when I have a shared private key?

I'm working with a server/client system that has securely negotiated a private key. I need to encrypt/decrypt messages passing in both directions which are typically between 100 bytes to 100 KB. I'm ...
1answer
93 views

### Educational videos for security topics [closed]

Is there anything like the famous "sorting out sorting" video in cryptography/security. I am looking for some nice videos that explaines SSL, SET, IPSec, PGP, S/MIME ....
2answers
320 views

### Checking a key before actually using it

I have a block of data crypted using twofish with a key of 128 bit. The data must be accessed from a GUI, the user gives the key, the block is decoded and the real data is accessed. Problem is that ...
1answer
197 views

### Is a subset of a random set still random?

Suppose you have an infinite list of random bytes, and you select the first N bytes that correspond to printable ASCII characters. Is this list of N bytes still as secure (e.g. for the purpose of a ...
2answers
268 views

### Cost of attacking Mobile OTP with a fake server

You want to obtain a 74-bit secret $K$. There is an oracle that will provide you with the following value for several values of $T$: ...
1answer
112 views

### McEliece for streaming data

Under the assumption that there exists a real-world implementation of the McEliece scheme, could it be applied to streaming data as is? By that I mean in 'block cipher mode'? I've read that McEliece ...
0answers
174 views

### john the ripper, usages [closed]

As evident from the site of john the ripper, JTR example, john can be used for finding password form a unix machine passwd file. can JtR be used to crack password ...

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