All Questions

647 views

RSA 1024bit decryption performance

i want to know how many RSA 1024 bit long key decryption can a regular pentium4 computer do per second ? how to calculate RSA performance and determine its remaining time ?
126 views

MD5 pre-fixing with an unkown postfix

Is the MD5 prefixing attack still valuable to an attacker if he doesn't know the postfix of the string? For instance, what if the following sanity check was being used: ...
272 views

Are there any multiparty homomorphic encryption schemes?

Are there any multiparty homomorphic encryption schemes ? Most of the literature is about two party schemes . Is there any generalization made for n party ?
156 views

Trying to find an algorithm to share portions of a key with multiple people

Sorry if this question's a bit basic, but I don't know of any way to ask it concisely enough for a search... What I'm looking for is a proven means of doing the following: Create x number of ...
266 views

Relation between Threshold Cryptosystem and Secure Multiparty Computation ?

Is there any relation between secure multiparty computation and threshold cryptosystem ?
177 views

Probability of Repeated Encrypted Block In Output Feedback (OFB) Mode

Is there any probability/chances of repeated encrypted block in Output Feedback (OFB) mode? Is there any existing documentation/studies about that? If it is existing, can you please provide me a link ...
162 views

Can you distinguish encryption methods from the output?

Suppose that you see all IP communication packets between two computers for a day, as they pass through a connecting router, and this amounts to 10MB. You additionally know that all data transmission ...
1k views

How can 3DES encryption use decryption in the middle step?

I have been reading about the 3DES algorithm and I cannot understand one part. In 3DES we do following operation: $$C=E[K_3,D[K_2,E[K_1,P]]].$$ Where $C$ is ciphertext, $P$ is plaintext, $E$ is DES ...
73 views

Cryptographic Algorithm/Protocol needed

I am trying to achieve the following: Encrypted files are stored on users filesystem. The user uses my client to authenticate against a server. Once he is authenticated successfully he gets a token ...
96 views

Encrypting documents through a proxy key

Suppose I'm developing an app to secure a lot of documents. These documents were encrypted (say, using AES) with a key X. This key X is basically the password that the user enters before wanting to ...
413 views

Existing dictionaries of popular words to help solve a random substitution cipher?

I'm trying to find faster ways to solve this: http://cryptogram.org/solve_cipher.html Actually lists of common words are good, but they are often limited to 1000 words. I found this, but I'm not ...
695 views

Finding the LFSR and connection polynomial for binary sequence. [closed]

I have written a C implementation of the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm to work on finite fields of size any prime. It works on most input, except for the following binary GF(2) sequence: $0110010101101$ ...
58 views

Proving item association without revealing one of the associated items

I'm a total noob when it comes to cryptography but I believe this falls under the "zero knowledge" category. I have two associated pieces of information: tag — known by both parties. Unique per ...
304 views

My custom handshake

I am a beginner in cryptography and I designed a custom handshake between 2 entities $\rm C$ (client) and $\rm S$ (server) which should meet the following requirements: Requirements: The handshake ...
174 views

ID-Secret Scheme

I have an ID-Secret scheme and I'd like to hear if there are any vulnerabilities present. Party 1 and Party 2 hold some credentials, an ID and a Secret. Party 1 Creates this message: ...
30 views

The difference in size between ECDSA output and hash size

So if I use secp256k1 for example, I've got my key size of 256 bit, and say I sign a SHA256 hash of a message, with size 256 bit, I get an output of size 512bit. Why is there a difference between the ...
30 views

Does failure of indistinguishability of encryptions imply lack of CPA-security?

Suppose we have an encryption scheme that fails the indistinguishability of encryptions test. That is, given messages $m_0, m_1$ and a ciphertext $c_b = Enc_k(m_b)$, where $b \in \{0, 1\}$, the ...
48 views

Chosen-plaintext attack

Let F be a block cipher with 128-bit block length. Consider the following encryption scheme for 256-bit messages: to encrypt message $M=m_1∥m_2$ using key $k$ (where $|m_1|=|m_2|=128$), choose random ...
68 views

Negilible Function $\frac{1}{n!}$

Is $\frac{1}{n!}$ a negligible function where $n$ is a security parameter? Application: I have a vector of n>100 elements. I permute it and give it to an adversary. The adversary can break it if it ...
31 views

Question about discrete log - why can one attacker not solve for g but two colluders can?

I'm reading about the broadcast encryption described in Fiat and Naor's paper, I screen grabbed the relevant part below. My question is essentially: If there's a secret: $g^{abc}$ $mod$ $A$ (where ...
55 views

Bilinear pairing arithmetic

Is this $e(g^x,g^yH^z) = e(g^x,g^y)e(g^x,H^z)$ expression is true? where $g$ is the generator and $H \in G$
43 views

How to create a PEM file for storing an RSA key?

I have an RSA private key $\{d,n\}$ and a public key $\{e,n\}$, where $n$ is the modulus, and I also have the prime factors $p$ and $q$ of $n$. I want to create a PEM file containing this ...
37 views

Given an encrypted file, what are possible ways to find its encryption algorithm?

Given an encrypted file, what are possible ways to find its encryption algorithm? Heuristic ways are okay as well.
33 views

What is a good way to handle longer strings using FPE?

While experimenting with this FPE based on FE1 http://botan.randombit.net/manual/fpe.html (well actually a port of it in C#) I found when the string length gets too long (number of characters N) ...
53 views

What is the “Walsh Function” about?

I'm currently dealing on the so called “Walsh Function” (WF) that is written like: $$f^W(a)=\sum_{x\in{F^n_2}}(-1)^{f(x)+(a,x)}$$ What I know is that this function is used to approximate an arbitrary ...
68 views

Format preserving encryption FFX

In FFX mode the format of the ciphertext is same as plaintext. How does it ensure data integrity and authentication? Is there any bit flip attack in FFX mode? Is it malleable?
46 views

Is a padding oracle attack possible if data is only encrypted internally on a server (e.g. for storage)?

I read something about the padding oracle attack when analysing the use of an AES-encryption of data in a database and was "scared" it could be a serious issue. But after investigating a bit further, ...
14 views

Key iteration count while using random keyfile larger than master key

If I were to have a 4096-bit file of random data (/dev/random) used as a keyfile for LUKS, would there be any benefit to having a key iteration count higher than 1? My reasoning is that the attacker ...
60 views

What is SHA-256 in Conjunctive Normal Form?

What is the conjunctive normal form (CNF) representation of $\text{SHA-256}(m)=h$, where $m$ is of fixed (or bounded) size and $h$ is 256 bit?
46 views

Words in Index of coincidence using vignere

I am trying to interpret the formula for index of coincidence from here I am not understanding fi , How i can calculate fi in this context ? Is this the appearance of single word like (...
42 views

Is authentication length always a subset of encryption length?

Do in all the use cases, if I have to encrypt and authenticate, encrypt-then-authenticate or authenticate-then-encrypt, like in IPSEC, SSL or SSH or others, if I were to do these operations to a ...
78 views

Vigenère, auto-correlation vs Kasiski examination

What are the differences between 'Kasiski examination' and 'auto-correlation' ? In Cryptool site, they state that autocorrelation analysis is more efficient and clearer than the Friedman or Kasiski ...
105 views

How does the Blowfish algorithm key initialization work

I'm having some trouble understanding the Blowfish encryption algorithm. From the Wikipedia article... The secret key is then, byte by byte, cycling the key if necessary, XORed with all the ...
68 views

Prove there is PRG that is not necessarily one-to-one

We assume that there is at least one PRG .Now prove there is a PRG like $G:\{0,1\}^{n} \rightarrow \{0,1\}^{l(n)}$ such that it is not necessarily one-to-one.
43 views

Using similar passwords and salts for PBKDF2

I'm trying to generate a bunch of pseudo-random keys for AES using PBKDF2, where the AES ciphers will be used in CTR mode as pseudo-random number generators. My goal is to create a 2-dimensional ...
105 views

Creating unique keys with md5

The project I'm working on requires me to find a way to create a unique key based on data stored in a table. The table in question consists of x columns and y rows. In order to create the key I want ...
39 views

Common reference string in NIZK

I want to ask that does the common reference string in NIZK have to be random? Or can it be anything?
41 views

Replay Attack in Stream Cipher

Stream ciphers are vulnerable to replay attack if the same key k is used. If E() is a stream cipher and an attacker intercepts the message m that's being transmitted at time t, how can the attacker ...
73 views

What is the purpose of pre master secret in SSL/TLS?

I studied about SSL/TLS and learned that client and server must share keys below. common key for encryption common key for generating message authentication code Then, in SSL/TLS, a client doesn't ...
91 views

What's the differences among Blind Computation, Secure Multi-Party Computation, Secure Circuit Evaluation and Homomorphic Encryption

We know that Blind Computation, Secure Multi-Party Computation, Secure Circuit Evaluation and Homomorphic Encryption all can process the encrypted data, but I am puzzled by them. What are their ...
48 views

Average/approximate difference in value between valid consecutive $x$ coordinates in ECC?

From my basic understanding not all values of $x$ coordinates can satisfy a given elliptic curve equation, i.e. some $x$ coordinate values are not valid points on the curve because $x^3+ax+b$ is not a ...
77 views

Is only one shared secret generated by ECDH per key pair?

I'm confused about ECDH. Using their public keys and private keys, two entities can arrive on a shared secret. But from the equations I've seen, it looks like ONLY the numbers present in their key ...
64 views

I am building a small embedded system of two nodes that communicate wirelessly. The microcontrollers I'm using are very limited: they only have 256 bytes of RAM. I would like to be able to ...
113 views

How does ECDHE_RSA key exchange mechanism work?

Using Wireshark, I found these data exchanged with google.com over TLS: Client Hello possible cipher suites and possible curve types (eg. secp256r1) sent Server Hello cipher suite selected ...
64 views

How are RSA and ElGamal compatible in PGP?

I'm starting to play with PGP and I don't understand how if your key pair is RSA you can encrypt a message for someone whose key is for example ElGamal. How does the asymmetric key exchange work if ...
75 views

Deciphering text encrypted with a changing cipher

I know there are many ways to crack basic ciphers were each letter is mapped to some other letter, but what ways are there to decode something that was encrypted using a cipher that changed after ...
50 views

Server A produces signed messages on request. You can tell server A what type of RSA padding to use in the signature (either RSASSA-PKCS1v1_5 or RSASSA-PSS). Either way, the message will be signed ...
55 views

Why are modes of operation used, what attacks do they prevent?

I know you always need to use a mode of operation when using a block cipher, AES for example, and Wikipedia has a good explanation for what modes of operation are Now I know if i do not use a mode of ...