# All Questions

164 views

### In cryptographic protocols, what protects against an attacker dropping messages?

In some cryptographic protocols I have seen messages protected for confidentiality, authenticity, replaying attacks, reordering attacks, etc. What protects a protocol from an attacker in a ...
85 views

### Corporate PKI - SHA1 deprecation [closed]

Here is the context. Suppose you have a corporate PKI with : AC_Root (offline in safe store - SHA1 signature) SubRootA ans SubrootB (offline in safe store - SHA1 signature) SubSubRootC, ...
425 views

### RFC 6979 - Why not simply hash the message & the private key for deterministic ECDSA?

Why go through the trouble of using the HMAC_DRBG process, instead of simply hashing [message | private key] to calculate $k$ for deterministic ECDSA? If the ...
130 views

### block cipher algorithms with variable block lengths

Rijndael supports block lengths of 128, 192 and 256. AES does not but Rijndael does. What other algorithms support variable block lengths? Or is Rijndael unique in that regard?
53 views

### transforming RC2 keys to have effective minimum length in implementations with fixed effective lengths

mcrypt's implementation of RC2 has a fixed effective length of 1024 bits, however, it is possible to simulate keys with effective lengths between 1-1024 by doing something like this: ...
96 views

### Does SHA-1 hash have quasi commutative property? [closed]

Although I have tested with a program and found negative answer, I want to be sure.
3k views

### Why there are limitations on using encryption with keys beyond certain length?

I am writing a java program to encrypt a message using 256-bit AES encryption, but I am getting illegal key size error, I have read that I have to use some JCE ...
82 views

### Issue about randomness : what if random looks “human” ? [closed]

I read a lot of stuffs about entropy/randomness. But what if a random generator (either digits or strings) once output a "human" patern ? I know it is very unlikely to happen, but if a random code ...
125 views

### Is there an alternative AES schedule?

I'm currently reversing an AES implementation for disk encryption. The odd thing I'm stumbled about is a key schedule where the encryption round keys are not the same as the decryption round keys (in ...
198 views

### Verifying DER encoded DSA/ECDSA signature with extra content?

Having a DSA/ECDSA signature which is supposed to be DER encoded as an ASN.1 sequence of $r$ and $s$ (as described in the RFC), and being given some bytes which are ...
295 views

### secure embedded/microcontroller crypto using AES-ctr with hmac-sha2

The embedded device is a low-power 8-bit microcontroller (memory usage is constrained to about 10kb code, 1kb ram). As the device is battery-powered and manual service should be minimal, more powerful ...
289 views

### Finding Elliptical curve points and encoding text using them

I recently got into learning Elliptical curve cryptography and are currently building a project in C#. Everything is working well so far, I can encode and decode points, and thanks to this forum I ...
72 views

### How to establish if a string contains a message

If you have a string S, then the string can be composed of four things: cleartext 'random' data encrypted data compressed or otherwise non-encrypted, but modified, cleartext If you want to see if ...
101 views

### Does MD5 hash have quasi commutative property? [duplicate]

I am implementing a one-way accumulator using MD5 hash, wondering wheather it has quasi commutative property or not.
1k views

### How Brittle Are LCG-Cracking Techniques?

There are published techniques for cracking LCGs, but to my eye those techniques seem very brittle — very minor changes can add nonlinearity that renders techniques like the LLL algorithm unusable. ...
443 views

### Collision in Merkle–Damgård without a collision in compression function

Is it possible to find a collision in Merkle–Damgård just by omitting the extra one bit that is appended to each input without having a collision in compression function?
93 views

### Is the Vigenère Cryptosystem malleable? [closed]

Is the Vigenère Cryptosystem malleable, and how can we prove that it is (or it is not) malleable?
81 views

### Meaning of Multiplicative Group to the power n i.e. Z^n [closed]

What does $Z_q^n$ mean in this notation?      References: on the 2nd paragraph of page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_with_errors
269 views

### Maximum length in bits of the product n=pq

If p and q are two 1024-bit prime numbers, would the maximum length in bits of product $n=pq$ be ${1024}^2$ or $2^{1024}$? I think it is ${1048576}={1024}^2$? Also, would the least significant bit ...
97 views

### can you suggest any applicayion for implementing threshold homomorphic encryption cryptosystem(Paillier cryptosystem) [closed]

I want to implement one project in multi party homomorphic encryption using paillier. Can you suggest any application for implementation.
117 views

### RSA OAEP: prevention of partial decryption of ciphertexts

I'm trying to understand RSA encryption (as a beginner in cryptography). go on this wiki page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_asymmetric_encryption_padding scroll down to the 2 numbered points: ...
102 views

### Repeatedly using same key on different plaintexts

Symmetric encryption: Does using the same key over and over again introduce a vulnerability? Meaning, if I transmit a different piece of plaintext encrypted with the same key every day, will an ...
85 views

### Minimum number of independent trials needed to detect a bias [closed]

Suppose, I suspect that the probability of occurrence of a particular bit as $0$ is $.558$. Since, it is not $.5$, so this is possibly a bias. Now, my question is: What is the minimum number of ...
260 views

### Computation indistinguishability questions

The definition I have is: Two probability ensembles $X = \{X_n\}_{n \in \mathbf{N}}$ and $X = \{Y_n\}_{n \in \mathbf{N}}$ are computationally indistinguishable if for every probabilistic ...
206 views

### CoAP authentication using DTLS

what is the meaning of this notation ?? AES{Yi, (Yi XOR Ki | nonce1)} https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bhattacharyya-core-coap-lite-auth-00
436 views

### Elliptical curve cryptography key generation time

I am currently trying to learn more about Elliptical curve crypthography and have finally started to get things working and undestanding the different pieces. I've written a small project in C# and ...
407 views

### Sharing an encrypted file between a group of people

Is there any way to share an encrypted file with a group? In the other words, can I encrypt a file with a public key so that each person in a group decrypt it with his/her private key? Is there any ...
90 views

### simulating rc4-256 with rc4-128

OpenSSL supports rc4 with 128-bit keys and rc4 with 40-bit keys. It does not support rc4 with 256-bit keys. My question is... is it possible to modify the state of the pseudo-random generation ...
136 views

### what are multi-primes and how are they different from semiprimes?

I came to know of semiprimes recently. The simplest explanation of semiprimes is you take any two prime numbers and you multiply them, say 3*11 = 33 in which case 33 would be a semiprime. The numbers ...
295 views

### Cracking plain RSA by factoring the modulus n

This is the setup: I have both public and private keys of one "instance" of RSA. And I have only the public key of another RSA cryptosystem, but this system has the same modulus as the first one. I ...
167 views

### Where to store the file extension to retrieve it correctly after decryption

I am using Java to write AES-256 to encrypt various files with different extension, the problem is, where am I suppose to store the file extension so the if the data is decrypted, the file extension ...
91 views

### Less known hash functions producing 128 bit hash [closed]

Good day. While reversing a malware I stumbled upon a function producing 16 byte hash. I tried to determine which one is that by checking every function from wiki. Nothing fits. So, there are two ...
80 views

### Efficient proof of knowledge using Wegman-Carter hash

A verifier wants to ensure, with only little exchange of data with other systems, that a large block of data $M$ that the verifier holds is also available to some other system(s). It is not an ...
84 views

### Inverse of a function $f_k(x) := f (x ⊕ k) ⊕ k$

$f : \{0, 1\}^4 → \{0, 1\}^4$ Given a function $f_k(x) := f (x ⊕ k) ⊕ k$, what is the inverse function $f_k^{-1}$? I could not figure out how this would be done. Thanks.
138 views

### El gamal correctness

I tried to find online for the correctness of El-Gamal, but I couldn't find any good resource that will teach me how to show the correctness of El-Gamal, could any body show me how is it done?
103 views

### Recovering El Gamal secret key from signatures [duplicate]

Assume out of a set of ElGamal signatures, I've discovered that two have the same y i.e. $signature_{1}$ on $m_{1}$ = $(y,s_{1})$ and $signature_{2}$ on $m_{2}$ = $(y,s_{2})$. The public keys for ...
98 views

### What is the difference between IND-CCA2 and NM-CCA2? And how does one imply another? [closed]

Is there any proof that shows the equivalence of these two?
180 views

### Building a pad for OTP on-the-fly with Diffie-Hellman

Through repeated DH attempts, could Alice and Bob build a large random key for use as a one-time pad? My intuition is that this protocol would be as hard as breaking DH (discrete logarithm).
144 views

### Private Information Retrieval--Is it still theoretical?

Are there any real world products in which private information retrieval techniques are used?(a data hosting server oblivious of which data item was fetched from it?)If not what are the major barriers ...
246 views

### Recover a secret message in a .wav file [closed]

First, I apologize for my english, I'll do my best. On my computer, I got a .wav audio file that hides a secret message. I want to recover that message. But I'm stuck and I need your help :). My ...
469 views

### How does hash function in Elgamal signature scheme prevent existential forgery attack?

I have heard that hashing the message M prevents an existential forgery attack. I was wondering how.
278 views

### Real life systems that use concepts of crypto computing [closed]

Are there any working cloud/internet solutions/products that operates on encrypted data such as systems using homomorphic encryption, secure multiparty computation, electronic voting, private ...