# All Questions

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### paradox on fully homomorphic equality checking

Imagine, a client encrypts a corpus of data (say documents of text) with the public key of a Fully Homomorphic Encryption scheme (FHE) and outsources the data to an untrusted server.Now the client ...
15 views

### Multiple NTRU public keys for the same private key?

An NTRU public key is generated essentially by multiplying the inverse of a polynomial $f$ by a polynomial $g$. The polynomial $f$ is the private key; $g$ is discarded. My question is: Is it insecure ...
18 views

### Help understanding basic Franklin-Reiter related message attack

I am trying to understand this attack at the most basic level. I set up the following basic scenario: Let the public encryption exponent, e = 3. Let p, be some arbitrary but known (to the ...
26 views

### Deletion in RSA Accumulator

I am studying RSA Dynamic Accumulator and I have a doubt: why is more simple to calculate the new accumulator value after a deletion if is known the secret ϕ(n)? Is possible to calculate the deletion ...
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### How about a homomorphic integer sorting in a MPC context?

I want to implement the ATV-FHE scheme as described by Adriana López-Alt, Eran Tromer, Vinod Vaikuntanathan: On-the-Fly Multiparty Computation on the Cloud via Multikey Fully Homomorphic Encryption ...
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### David Chaum's anonymous credential

I am a newbie in cryptography (I know the basic RSA, AES stuffs) and am interested in anonymous authentication systems. Looks like David Chaum is the godly figure in the field. I see lots of people ...
10 views

### What's the perfect chain length : number of chains ratio for rainbow tables?

I'm building a SHA-1 rainbow table to crack basic passwords (i.e. up to 10 character, 0-9,a-z). But I can't seem to calculate that golden ratio that would give me the most coverage. Also is there ...
42 views

### Multiple levels of encryption

Is it feasible to have data encrypted at different levels? I'd like to encrypt an xml database (such as used in www.keepass.info) whereby two keys can exist: Key #1 decrypts the entire database ...
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### Reference AES-NI assembler code for AES-128-GCM? [closed]

I want to implement AES-128-GCM in assembler using Intel AES-NI instructions. I have found reference code in the Intel AES-NI Whitepaper but I don't see code for the GCM mode there (or indeed any use ...
30 views

### Elliptic Curve Blind Signature Implementation

I have seen this prior post: Elliptic Curve based blind signature implementation Currently I'm sizing up how difficult it would be to attain Elliptic Curve Blind signatures for an application I'm ...
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### How to compare the efficiency of public key cryptosystems, i.e., RSA vs El Gamal?

As part of my Mathematics degree I'm taking a Discrete Mathematics module which partially covers Public Key Cryptography but does not at all enter it in depth. I'm currently working on a project that ...
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### Are there any real-world E-voting systems in use with the Paillier cryptosystem?

There are a lot of theories of Paillier cryptosystem with references to e-voting. Are there any real-world E-voting systems in use with the Paillier cryptosystem?
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I've read the following paper and have one question on it. M. Luby and J. Staddon, "Combinatorial Bounds for Broadcast Encryption", EUROCRYPT'98. On page 523 (12th page of the paper) the authors say ...
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### Private and Public Keys

I have a very basic understanding of encryption and the encapsulation process, but for the life of me I can't grasp how public keys and private keys work, how they're made, and how they're exchanged. ...
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### PathORAM with read path eviction

I am currently trying to implement the pathORAM algorithm as describe in this paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/280.pdf The paper states that with high probability, the stash size will be bounded ...
62 views

### Best practises to generate IV for AES-CTR in this scenario

I'm building a cloud storage application that will store files on my servers. I want these files to be encrypted with AES in CTR mode and the key will be always the same. I'm wondering what would be ...
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### Usefulness of ability to calculate $m^{p+q}$ with RSA

I noticed that with only an RSA public key, it is possible/tractable to calculate $m^{p+q} \pmod n$ for any $m$ without knowing $p$ or $q$. Namely, $m^{p+q} \equiv m^{n+1} \pmod n$. (This follows ...
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### how to decrypt hidden text under numbers? [closed]

got a question as follows - how to decrypt below in to letters knowing that crypting language is 469 and it base ofcourse on mathematic. 46781! 9063376290 3222011 677 80322429 67538 14805394, 6880326 ...
32 views

### Can I expand the modular of an encryption scheme?

Take the lifted ElGamal as an example: suppose the original ciphertext is $<g^y ~mod~q,~g^m~mod~q>$. After some calculations, $m$ could be large enough to do modular. But I don't want $m$ to be ...
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### Signing integers and UUIDs and restoring them from a third party server without tampering

I'm educating myself about cryptography. I know this is a long one, but please, bear with me. :) Now I have a scenario in my mind and I'd like to ask if what I've thought is sound (enough), what more ...
35 views

### Discrete logarithms: large prime modulus vs. large semi prime modulus

I have a cryptography homework question, in the question it says a cryptographic hash function in the form of $f(x) = g^x \bmod n$ , where $n$ is a very large prime (1024bits and more), $g$ is a ...
33 views

### TPM vs. Trusted Execution Environment

I have read some content on trusted execution environment, and I like to ask exactly how it improves hashing. What I read at Wikipedia’s “Trusted_Execution_Technology” article states: ...PCRs) ...
80 views

### (Lightweight) Multicast one-way Authentication

Problem: I'm thinking about a lightweight solution to provide source authentication (only one source) to multiple receivers (multicast message). Context: Taking the problem to ground, we can think ...
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### Is it possible to combine cryptography with steganography

Definitions: M - original message, Me - encrypted message M, S - watermark message, Ms - message M with steganography watermark S, e - encryption private key, d - decryption key (it is private too), s ...
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### Semantic Security and Equal Message Length in the Context of Public Key Cryptography

A lot of definitions for semantic security make use an experiment $\text{Exp}$ which is performed between a challenger $\mathcal{C}$ and an adversary $\mathcal{A}$ that begins as follows: ...
51 views

### How can I multiply an additively homomorphic encrypted value by a float number?

As we all know, if $E()$ is an additively homomorphic encryption, we can multiply $E(a)$ by an integer $b$, then we will get $E(ab)$. But what if $a$ is a float number? Can we still get $E(ab)$? Which ...
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### How to prove that a commitment hides the decryption of an ElGamal ciphertext?

I've decided to remove a previous unanswered question of mine and break it down into smaller pieces so it's not such a loaded question. For this question I need to prove that I've committed to a ...
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### Hiding the identity of a party within the Kerberos authentication scheme

In the Kerberos authentication protocol, as described here: would it be safer to replace step (1) with: $$A \rightarrow T : A, E_{K_A{_{T}}}(B, N_A)$$ so that a passive adversary does not know ...
88 views

### Solving Vigenére with unknown alphabet

I'm trying to decrypt a cipher that I suppose has been encrypted with Vigenére. However I came about the following thought: The cipher consists of characters from ...
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### Concrete example of Weil Pairing

I am trying to find a concrete example of the Weil Pairing. What I have done until now is that I took $E=(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)$ over $F_5$. I took $E[2]=\{\infty,(1,0),(2,0),(3,0)\}$. I know that there ...
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### can pairings only be used with elliptic curves?

As far as I understand one big advantage of ECC is that we can use pairings on the group of torsion points of the curve. I was wondering if it is possible to construct pairings from general finite ...
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### Why is (gy, gx) signed in STS (station-to-station)?

My question relates to the station-to-station protocol as described in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station-to-Station_protocol [1] and http://cacr.uwaterloo.ca/hac/ [2] p 519. ...
52 views

Let's say we have Alice and Bob sharing a symmetric key $k$. Alice wants to leave a number of messages for Bob on an untrusted server (honest-but-curious model) that is also used by many other people ...
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### Bobcat hash, trying to find a 48-bit hash collision for x

I am trying to find a collision with the Bobcat hash of the 48-bit hash. I am a beginner coder so please point out any flaws in my modification of the bobcat program. It does find a truncated 12-bit ...
37 views

### Are the values of Tate and Ate pairing the same?

Assume we have a Baretto Naehrig curve over $GF(p)$ and a field extension $GF(p^{12})$ given by a minimum polynomial. Let $G \in GF(p)$ and $Q \in GF(p^{12})$ from the trace 0 subgroup. Do then the ...
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### Limit the number of private key uses for RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 with SHA-256 signature?

Assuming all messages and their signatures are available to the attacker, is it secure to use the same RSA private key to sign many messages (roughly $10^{6}$) via PKCS#11 ...
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### Is there a way to slow down collision attacks using iteration?

The simple way to iterate a hash function $H(H(m))$ only makes brute force preimage finding slower, but leaves collision attacks as fast since a collision in the inner hash function is a collision in ...
49 views

### Detecting steganography by analysing non-significant data entropy?

I am not thinking only steganography in images, I think it is also possible to encode data for example into the length of spaces of a clear html text. I suspect, the steganography changes (elevates) ...
26 views

### How does FileVault2 Recovery actually work?

I'm a crypto-enthusiast but no expert at all, that'll explain why i didn't understand. Also please consider english isn't my native language :) I am about to enable FileVault2 FDE on the new macbook ...
54 views

### How did G.H. Hardy's work contribute to today's public-key cryptography?

I know that Hardy's work in number theory was used by Clifford Cocks in 1973 to develop the basis for public-key cryptography. What specifically was this work, and how is it used today in ...
52 views

### Most Secure Exchange of Keys [closed]

Given both Alice and Bob must exchange IP addresses to perform such an operation, what is the most secure way Alice and Bob can exchange public keys between two mobile devices without having to rely ...
36 views

### Test vectors for TLS PRF function

Does anyone know where I might be able to find test vectors for the PRF function in TLS? (either 1.0 or newer). I'm trying to implement a client and I am getting the BAD Record MAC return after ...
89 views

### Verify a RSA signature using only RSA encryption

I'm trying to verify a RSA signed message, however, the API that I have access to in that environment only has encrypt and decrypt. I think I understand that verification and encryption with public ...
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### How to break this PRNG encryption scheme? [closed]

Suppose we have the following symmetric algorithm: key = random bits G = PRNG(seed: key) input = [0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0, 0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1] // "hi" in ascii The key can ...