# All Questions

145 views

### How to collect, process, and transmit data securely?

In my question "Authenticating data generated by a particular build of an open source program", Dave Cary requested that I post a question stating my real problem on a high level rather than the ...
40 views

### multi key encryption

Is there an algorithm which allows using multiple keys for decryption? I had this scenario in mind: think about being a boss of a corperation which has an encrypted data base with loads of secret ...
20 views

### X509 certificate

I am studying the X509 certificate structure and here is an OpenSSL configuration file for generating the certificate. ("sth" just mean the actual string is removed) ...
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### 2 Part Encryption

Can anyone tell me if an encryption / decryption scheme like the following exists? Encrypted1 = SomeCryptoFunction(Data, Key1) ...
89 views

### Problem reproducing AES results

First of all, I just implemented AES because I wanted to understand how it works and as a challenge to see if I could do it and I won't use to encrypt anything important, ever. The (German) Wikipedia ...
89 views

### Why can you reverse a modulo function when knowing its primes

We are dealing with cryptography in school right now and superficially went over the Rabin cryptosystem with the (apparently usual) example of p=7 and q=11 etc (we didn't do RSA). I understand that ...
115 views

### Given PRNG $G(s)$, why is $G(s) || G(s+1)$ not a PRNG?

I have given a pseudorandom Generator $G(s)$, $|s|=n$ whose expansion $l(n)$ is $>2n$. I also know that $G^\prime(s) := G(s_1,\ldots,s_{\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor})$ is a pseudorandom generator. Now ...
92 views

### Securely generating auth tokens

(Disclaimer: I'm an experienced server-side Java programmer, but with little crypto experience.) Objective: I've got a login server which, given a login+password pair, should issue a unique auth ...
207 views

### RSA vs ECDSA/ECDH

So we've been using RSA for a while now. I wonder, is it still secure? I'm wondering whether surveillance agencies can at this point read traffic encrypted with say, TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM? ...
438 views

### Prevent replay attack without storage

I am designing a set of low-power sensing motes. Each mote will communicate to a central base over RF. I want the mote to be able to authenticate itself with the base, and send its data without being ...
85 views

### What is the difference between “securely realizes” and “securely implements”?

In some security proofs it is stated that "a protocol securely realizes an ideal functionality" while in some others "a protocol securely implements an ideal functionality". Is there a meaningful ...
140 views

### Single bit error in CBC

Why does a single bit error when using the CBC block cipher mode of operation affect the decryption of a block (Oj) with a probabilty of 50%? And in the following block, why is the one bit error in ...
46 views

### What is the correct way to notate elliptic curve properties

When looking through elliptic curve and modulus posts i can see many examples of people referencing $p$ and $n$, in upper and lower case, and sometimes $Q$ is written instead of $p$ or $P$, and I ...
112 views

### Inverting RSA function

I am in high school and I am writing a paper on RSA. I want to show that low values of the public key exponent can make it easy to 'invert' the function so that the encrypted message can be recovered. ...
71 views

### Diffie-Hellman secret key choices

I'm trying to understand why the secret keys used by Alice and Bob in Diffie-Hellman are $a,b ∈ ℤ∗p$. Say $a$ is $p - 1$, wouldn't the transmitted $g^a$ be 1 mod $p$ by $FLT$? Now anytime a ...
72 views

### Is it safe to use single-block AES for mutual authentication?

I read the question Symmetric mutual authentication with client using a derived secret and its answer which, if I'm not mistaken, assert that it should be safe to use the proposed protocol for mutual ...
91 views

### Using related pair of cryptographic keys to open/seal plaintext

I am using curve25519xsalsa20poly1305/fn.seal from sodiumoxide crate written in Rust language which is a wrapper over libsodium ...
223 views

### Authenticating code securely and generating a certificate

I'm working on a product with strong security. Essentially there is an App, downloaded from the iTunes App Store. When the App starts up, it generates a strong RSA keypair and stores it in the ...
442 views

### Encryption algorithm used in WPA/WPA2

I want to know how EXACTLY the WPA password gets encrypted I have been searching through and I was able to catch: The actual password is converted to some hash Salting is applied to the hash The ...
114 views

### Digital Signature Attack

In a typical digital signature scheme in which in order to sign we compute: hash of the message: $h(m)$ resulting hash signed with the private key $[h(m)](private key)$ If there were a collision ...
221 views

### Any reason to use Shamir given faster XOR threshold secret sharing algos?

TL;DR: Is the Kurihara algorithm really what it purports to be (dramatically faster but equally secure replacement for Shamir Secret Sharing)? ...
176 views

### Mathematical formula for switching the key for OTP?

Instead of generating the random key for the one time pad cipher over and over again, is there a mathematical formula that allows you to switch the key to a new key? The new key must be as random and ...
160 views

### Extension of a password hashing algorithm using Fibonacci

I am right now taking a class named Applied Cryptography and our final project is to create a password hashing method using at least one existing algorithm and then add additional steps to make it ...
162 views

### Is there a secure source of entropy on a typical microcontroller?

On a device that does not have a hardware RNG, what is the best source for entropy? Some options and pitfalls floating around: Use the ADC to read something analog: can become deterministic if ...
236 views

### Is Checksum to file back decoding possible?

So, I was having this weird thought. If the checksums(MD5 or SHA...) are unique to any file and are modified if any part of the file is edited, why cant the checksums be decoded back to get the ...
75 views

### Permuting Small Sized Set in Practice

Imagine we have a set $S$ of $m$ elements and we wants to permutes the set elements. Thus the original position of each element should be unknown after permuting. If we define a permutation function ...
182 views

### Transforming Gaussian random $[0,1]$ numbers to uniform $[0,255]$

I am not exactly sure if this is for math stackexchange or crypto: A TRNG outputs numbers in $[0,1]$ in a Gaussian distribution. I would like to convert them into uniform random bytes ($[0,255]$) to ...
50 views

### Correctness of ideal protocol of MPC in presence of malicious adversary

In presence of malicious adversaries in ideal protocol of Multi Party Computation, how can honest parties get the correct output? i.e., corrupted parties modify their inputs and give to the trusted ...
135 views

### Ring-LWE elliptic gaussian distribution

I am currently trying to understand this Ring-LWE article: http://www.cims.nyu.edu/~regev/papers/ideal-lwe.pdf and I have a question. Firstly, it is mentioned in the paper that we can view the ...
137 views

### Is ElGamal IND-CCA1?

We all know that textbook ElGamal falls due to chosen ciphertext attacks, because of its multiplicative homomorphic property ($E(A)*E(B)=E(AB)$). However these attacks require the ciphertext ($E(A)$ ...
127 views

### Inner product with homomorphic encryption

I want to do a very simple thing: Given two vectors, I want to encrypt them and do some calculation, then decrypt the result and get the inner product between both vectors. I want to do this as fast ...
130 views

### Proving membership of a group without revealing identity

I have an interesting problem for which I've failed, so far, to find an elegant solution. Imagine that a user needs to repeatedly prove to public observers that they are a member of a trusted set ...
329 views

### Attack for RSA 1024 bit with Low Public Exponent

I am facing a challenge at university. Our teacher give us the challenge to try to break an RSA 1024 bit. We have public modulus N and public exponent e (0x03), we don't know the padding. We have a ...
208 views

### RSA private key d knowing e,n

I need to find RSA private key $(d, N)$ knowing $(e, N)$. It's "own" RSA implementation. As i know $p$ is random 70 bit number, then $q$ is $p-2^{10} < q < p+2^{10}$ $d$ is max 16 bit long with ...
79 views

### Is “Bit Independence” of SHA-2 hashes secure?

I know bit independence is good in SHA2 function output, but is it truly 100% secure? For example: Y = SHA512(secretKeyNonce256bit) A = first 32ytes / 256bits of Y, used as message encryption key B ...
### Is it right about an example of bilinear map $e$?
The equation for the elliptic curve is $y^{2} = x^{3} + x$ and is defined over the field $F_{q}$ for some prime $q\equiv 3 \pmod 4$, and set $q=307$. Choose random generator $g=[182, 240]$. My ...