All Questions

201 views

Insecurity in Needham and Schroeder protocol?

I've been studying specifically the authentication algorithm Needham and Shroeder, and understand the idea in general of the message exchange. But, researching on the subject, I found a question that ...
68 views

Using cryptographic hash to match AES key size

I am making a tool for myself where I intend to store cipher text. I wish to use AES together with arbitrary sized keys to create these cipher text strings. The idea is to use a cryptographic hash ...
38 views

Logarithm in Private Set Intersection

Is the logarithm in the private set intersection protocol mentioned in Section 3.4, Step 5 of http://www.ece.umd.edu/~danadach/MyPapers/set-int.pdf, a base 10 or 2? How do we find this out?
76 views

Authentication and deniability

I have the following problem: Alice wants to send Bob a message such that Bob knows it is from Alice but at the same time he cannot prove that Alice send him this message. The solution I came up ...
68 views

What is the padding scheme for the original Tiger hash?

The specification doesn't seem to indicate how to pad messages to the requisite 512-bit boundary. What is the padding scheme for the original Tiger hash?
101 views

Method to calculating e in RSA

For simplicity I choose two small primes for p and q. p=3 q=11 n=33 Φ(n)=20 Now we need ...
90 views

Cryptography: Oblivious Transfer with at most one transfer?

I am trying find a transfer method for this problem. Suppose Alice and Bob both has access to a function $\text{F}$ with two parameters. $\text{F}(x,y)$ randomly returns $p$ to alice and $q$ to Bob ...
1k views

How can i predict the next number of a long sequence of seemingly random numbers? [closed]

How can I accurately predict the next random number between 1 and 999, given past results. I have no knowledge of the PRNG or algorithm used. How can I predict the next number of a long sequence of ...
111 views

Hashing entropy generator output with SHA256

I'm using SHA256 to hash the output of an entropy generator to generate random numbers. Is it generally better to treat the output of the entropy generator as single messages and hash each of those ...
147 views

Is Bitmessage a Mix network?

I've read the Bitmessage whitepaper and I found it rather lacking on the details, but it promises anonymous routing. Can it be considered a variation on mix-networks, where each peer acts as a ...
1k views

What is the difference between SHA256WITHRSA and SHA256WITHRSAENCRYPTION digest algorithms?

I installed djigzo on my android phone and I want to use it for smime mail. I don't know the difference between choosing SHA256WITHRSA and ...
166 views

Generate keys with k3d3 / ed25519-java

I'm trying to use a java implementation of ed25519. In the code, I can't find any functions that generate keys. My experience with cryptography is limited to about three weeks of asking questions on ...
397 views

If G is a secure PRG and G' is a function of G, is G' secure?

For example: for secure PRG G if I have a G' s.t. G'(k) = G(k)||0, is ...
340 views

Using HMAC-SHA256 with short passwords and sliced outputs for short-lived secure hashing

I don't have much background in cryptography, so forgive me if I'm using the wrong mathematical terms to explain my needs. Following this question, I learned that taking a random secret 16-bytes ...
80 views

Why is the security of block cipher not a function of key and tweak?

The proofs and security of block ciphers constructed especially of Luby Rackoff Constructions and Feistel Networks is based on the number of queries and round functions. The security measure is always ...
852 views

Is Curve25519-java secure?

I have only about 2 weeks of cryptography experience mostly in the form of questions on bitcoin.se. Is Curve25519-java up to date with current Curve25519 standards? Is Curve25519 itself secure? ...
145 views

How to prove that a ciphertext is encrypting multiplication of two values?

Zero-knowledge proofs with soundness, completness and zero-knowledge enable a prover to convince a verifier that a witness validates successfully a predicate without giving any information about the ...
88 views

Can I use the cipher text ouput of only one DES rotation as plaintext to check validity?

I have made a python code for one DES rotation. Can I use the resulting cipher text as a plain text for the same rotation with the same key? I think the answer is no, I can't do so. But I need to be ...
109 views

Which data to share in CTR mode?

Suppose I've got two clients $A$ and $B$. Client $A$ encrypts data in CTR (Counter) mode to get a ciphertext. What information will client $B$ have to receive from $A$ to decrypt the ciphertext? Just ...
101 views

Would this prevent FNV1a 32 bit hash collision?

I am considering the FNV1a 32 bit hash as part of a simple software security and authentication system. I am aware that FNV1a is NOT ideal but it may suit my needs. I am aware that FNV1a has rather ...
147 views

What is “serial concatenation”? [closed]

I have a third-party point-of-sale API (Speedflow Pay-N-Get) that I am trying to communicate with over HTTP, but I have a problem with it. In a nutshell, a request is encrypted using RSA, and the ...
96 views

Does it make sense to stretch non-keys?

I was thinking about stretching salt. Key-stretching is good against brute force guessing and assumes your system isn't compromised. Salting a one-way makes it so you have to compute * n for each ...
73 views

How do you prevent the risk of damage to the security of Fully Homomorphic Encryption?

In this paper on pg. 1248 in the "preprocessing phase" section the authors say: In the preprocessing phase, the parties run a (standard) MPC to collectively generate a key pair (pk,sk) for the ...
182 views

What is a Trapdoor in Merkle Signature?

Merkle signature (pag. 40) use than public key (verification key) the root of the Merkle Tree and than private key (to sign) the set of pre-images of the $g(Y_i)$ where $Y_i$ is the verification key ...
136 views

Recovering the random number r

For a padded message, M, using the El Gamal encryption schema, how can we determine the random number $r$, when we are given $p$, the prime number, $g$ which is the primitive root of $p$, $b$ and $x$ ...
161 views

hill cipher encryption way 1x3 plaintext matrix

Can someone help me with a Hill cipher? When do I have to use: 1x3 plain text matrix (p1, p2, p3) * 3x3 key matrix 3x3 key matrix * 3x1 plain text matrix Or they are both correct? I tried to ...
80 views

What is the difference between a one-shot MPC protocol and a unbounded invocation of multiple MPC protocols?

In this paper on pg. 1236, under the section "Security Against Continual Leakage", the authors say: "We further remark that the weaker security notion previously achieved cannot be extended ...
190 views

Any real world implementation using message recovery?

During my master thesis I came across RSA-PSS-R which is in my opinion a quite elegant way of saving bandwidth and space using digital signature. But I didn't find any information about any real world ...
206 views

How can we get CA's public key?

To get a public key of some organization or someone we want to send an encrypted message to, we need to make a request to CA asking that organization's public key. CA then returns X509 certificate. It ...
77 views

Is there a relation between security of rounds of DES and Luby Rackoff rounds?

DES uses 16 rounds of feistel networks but not considered secure . Where Luby Rackoff constructions which are inspired by DES its proven by Patarin that 7 rounds is secure . Is there a relation ...
180 views

Why is an IV used in Merkle–Damgård transform?

In Merkle–Damgård transform, a fixed vector IV is chosen at the beginning, and it is hashed together with the first block x1. I wonder why we don't use x1 straightforward, i.e. hash x1 and the next ...
191 views

How do I sign data that's been encrypted using public key? (RSA)

I've received a public key to encrypt my data for the other end to decrypt using their private key. Now, they want us to sign the data as well to ensure non-repudiation. I thought that I should only ...
178 views

Are there any protocols that are truly secure from active and passive MITM attacks?

Are there are any cryptographic protocols or algorithms that can prevent active MITM attacks or interference when initiating a new connection to a server or someone you have not exchange keys with ...
238 views

Verification of identity by certification authority

I have question about how a user's identity is verified by a Certification Authority. As I understand it, the process works as follows: User generates his private key and (with the help of private ...
199 views

McEliece Public Key Encryption

The definition of Public Key Encryption(PKE) say that: A PKE scheme is a triple of probabilistic polynomial time algorithm (PPT) (Gen,Enc,Dec). The definition of PPT say: In complexity ...
119 views

Do per connection random keys solve the stream cipher key repetition issue?

Edits: added then removed additional cases that on reflection seem like a bad idea. In fact, this whole line of thought seems like a complicated way to get a bigger nonce, which might be better ...
310 views

XOR secret sharing scheme

I was wondering how we can get a secret sharing of $a+b$ from the sharing of secrets $a$ and $b$ themselves by using an XOR secret sharing scheme, where $a_1,...,a_n$ and $b_1,...,b_n$ are the shares ...
93 views

Distinguishing joint probability distributions

Assume that we have a probability distribution $P(X,Y)$ for the joint probability of random variables $X$ and $Y$. Let $P(Y, Z)$ be analogous distribution for $Z$ and $Y$. Based on these we can define ...
2k views

Are there any Truth Table to Boolean expression converters? [closed]

I am working on Bent functions that are of interest in cryptography. I developed an algorithm that construct such functions. However, I need some tools to calculate boolean expression from the truth ...
217 views

Are there attacks that break collision resistance but not preimage resistance?

Are there any examples of attacks on hash functions which: break collision resistance and second preimage resistant, or break collision resistance and preimage resistant? I have looked at ...
103 views

Password as it relates to various encryption schemes

Suppose you have 2 drives you want to encrypt using different encryption algorithms, as an example: AES256 and Twofish. I am aware that using the same password for both could potentially weaken ...
158 views

Intuition for random variables in cryptography

I have a simple question about the use of random variables for encryption schemes, to make sure my intuition is correct. We say $P(K = k)$ to represent the probability that a particular key $k$ is ...
281 views

Solid summary of what encryption remains strong after recent events [closed]

Following the recent government hacking (and subsequent news and fallout), I'm wondering what crypto-systems remain strong (and why) and what crypto-systems were exploited too heavily to be reliable. ...
182 views

Hill Cipher - Unknown plaintext attack, known key [duplicate]

I was wondering if I have the key and the encrypted Hill Cipher message(s). I can definitely figure out the charset involved. But the order is missing. Assuming that I use 37 modulo or higher. How ...
366 views

Key-size of encryption method

Is there a definied keysize to be used with the "AES_256-CBC" method in PHP, and what is the size? Some background: I want to store encrypted text into a PostgreSQL database. The user who posts the ...
580 views

Hash functions throughput performance [closed]

Without taking into account security, which hash function is the fastest one among the following: MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2 (for various internal size), Keccak, and other… ?
169 views

Curve parameter for hyperelliptic curve cryptography?

RFC5639 defines some curve parameter for Elliptic curve cryptography. Aren't there any curve parameter database for Hyperelliptic curve cryptography? What I can only find was that written in this ...
97 views

Who's talking to who encryption - does this concept work?

With all the NSA stuff in the news, I've been thinking about how to ensure the "who's talking to who" is just as private as the contents of the messages. I had an idea on the subject, about which I've ...