# All Questions

329 views

### How to properly format a PGP Message Block?

As sort of a follow up to my (currently) unanswered question, if it is correct, how do i properly calculate and format the packet that actually stores the data being encrypted? I thought I knew what I ...
181 views

### Setting protocol parameters to achieve concrete security

Background One issue with modern security proofs is that they are usually asymptotic. In other words, such proofs are usually formulated as follows: For any polynomial-time adversary $\mathcal A$, we ...
170 views

### Security of stream cipher based on Matrix multiplication GF(256) with randomized padding

The actual question is stated at the end of the text. Suppose you have a (grossly inefficient) confidentiality stream cipher with the following components: The keyed function ...
21 views

### MAC-then-encrypt: Using one-time-MAC with randomized CTR

The Coursera cryptography 1 course says: If you want to use MAC-then-encrypt mode then you should either use randomized-CTR or randomized-CBC. And if you use randomized-CTR then one-time-MAC ...
57 views

### How to normalize data of a generic HTTP request for the purpose of signing

I am working on PowerAuth 2.0, a solution for counter-based signing of HTTP requests (for the purpose of mobile banking). One of the tasks that I solved somehow but I am still not happy with the ...
24 views

### Security of randomized data dependant key schedules?

An example to demonstrate the point with two Feistel networks: Cipher A: \begin{align} roundkey = hash(key || counter)\\ roundkey = hash(key || roundkey)\\ left = left\oplus hash(roundkey || ...
33 views

### How to break a Quagmire 3 cipher?

What would be a good way to go about attacking a Quagmire 3 cipher? I understand that it is polyalphabetic with a key and an indicator. I have started by taking the cipher text, taking every n-th ...
40 views

### DTLS 1.2 Finished message

I am implementing DTLS 1.2 and using ECDHE_RSA_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 cipher suit. Below is my client finished message Can anyone explain this message? How many bytes for verify data? Is there ...
64 views

### Simulation-Based Proof: When a Secret Key is Involved

Assume we have a protocol in which a party receives an encrypted random polynomial. The polynomial is encrypted using his public key. We want to construct a simulator for this party (so this party ...
45 views

### Encrypting/Decrypting using RSA and AES; standards?

I'm looking for a standard way of encrypting and signing a message using RSA and AES. I understand that in pseudo code the actions taking place are like this: Alice's actions for sending a secret, ...
32 views

### Does a password that's cracked someone's account increase the chances of cracking someone else's account?

For every find in password that cracks someone's account, does that particular password have a higher probability of cracking someone else's account more than a brute force dictionary choice? How ...
28 views

### Algorithm to rotate values in a predefined manner

I will start with an example. Some beacon like estimote Beacons use something called secure ID. The ID transmitted by the beacon change every 10 minutes autonomously without contacting the server. ...
55 views

### Is 3 rounds more secure than 2 in this simplified DES?

Consider the following simplification of DES: a plaintext message block of $2n$ bits of length is divided into two blocks of length $n$ (left half $L_0$ and right half $L_1$). In other words, the ...
25 views

### Determining an encryption key when ciphertext and algorithm are known

I would like to know how I can tell that I have successfully performed an exhaustive search attack on an encrypted message. Here are the conditions: key is 40 bit I am aware of the cipher text and ...
36 views

### How to use OpenSSL command line utility to encrypt data with encrypted key from public key?

I may not be asking the right question. I am fairly new to data encryption. I am currently being sent encrypted data that's stored as follows: [ [keysize] [key encrypted with public key] [ivsize] ...
61 views

### What functional encryption scheme can be used to compute a linear function?

I am looking for a functional encryption scheme that can compute a linear function. I do not need to work with attributes. All I want is to compute the result of a function $y = a*x+b$, where $x$ is ...
54 views

### Does using a verifiable secret sharing scheme ensure robustness of a protocol if it is secure under the semi-honest adversarial model

Consider a protocol $\pi$ which uses a linear secret sharing scheme like that of Shamir secret sharing. Further assume that the protocol $\pi$ has been proven to be secure (correctness and privacy) ...
28 views

### Some confusions about Repeated Doubling Algorithm?

The following repeated point doubling algorithm is taken from the book Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography by D. Hankerson, A. Menezes, and S. Vanstone on page#93. Clearly, this algorithm is ...
60 views

### Calculating the discrete logarithm

I'm given a prime number $p = 1217$ I'm also given the following equations:  40 \equiv \log2 \pmod{64} \\ 63 \equiv \log3 \pmod{64} \\ 13 \equiv \log5 \pmod{64} \\ 13 \equiv \log2 \pmod{19} \\ 10 ...
43 views

### Why is Siphash-128 considered “experimental”?

Why is Siphash-128 still considered "experimental"? What does this mean?
20 views

### How do I prove the tracing part in a ring signature model?

I have a question about the article “efficient and multi-level privacy-preserving communication protocol for VANET” by H. Xiong et al. I need the ID of malicious vehicle, but I could not prove how I ...
48 views

### Given a public-key encryption and signature scheme, define a new primitive

I'm new to cryptography and am currently working on the following question: Say you are given a public-key encryption scheme $\Pi_e=(\mathcal{K}_e,\mathcal{E},\mathcal{D})$ and a signature scheme ...
53 views

### Format Preserving Encryption FF1 Samples

NIST published methods for Format-Preserving Encryption and there is a link in the document giving examples for FF1 methods. I am confused by the value of R given in the examples. $R$ is the output ...
16 views

### Sigma protocol: witness hiding

I am working on an assignment and I am stuck with the last part of proving witness hiding for the protocol. I have previously proved it is witness indistinguishable, and it has q (primer number ...
31 views

### Generating cryptographic-quality 1/f noise

Can anyone suggest how I'd generate cryptographic quality 1/f noise: aka 'pink noise', where the PSD follows 1/f. I'd be happy to derive the pink noise from white noise (e.g. /dev/urandom), but I ...
21 views

### Should we use exponent 3 in RSA-OAEP?

As I understand it the proof that RSA-OAEP is secure in the random oracle model is much tighter for exponent 3. Does that mean that exponent 3 should be chosen?
13 views

### Why does HS1-SIV allow forgeries when the SIV collides, even when the PMN does not collide?

The HS1-SIV authors claim that forgeries are possible if an SIV collision occurs. However, I do not understand how this is possible unless the PMN collides too. Otherwise, the collision will be in ...
33 views

### Is parallel, vectorized NORX nearly as fast as hardware-accelerated AES-GCM?

As I understand it, NORX gets 3.5 CPB in an unoptimized implementation. But NORX can be parallelized. With 4-way SIMD, I would expect about 7/8 CPB performance. This is nearly as good as AES-GCM in ...
36 views

### How to encrypt an image with logistic chaotic map?

I need to encrypt color images, using logistic chaotic map. Could you please recommend an algorithm for this? All the articles that I've found on the Internet are completely unclear.
26 views

### AES - Size of T-Boxes and obtaining T-Box values

In article "A high performance ST-Box based unified AES encryption/decryption architecture on FPGA" (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141933115001945) two 32Kb dual-port BRAMs are ...
40 views

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38 views

### Can error correcting codes be used to guess this plaintext?

I pick a finite set of messages, perhaps the set of integers $M = \lbrace n \in \mathbf{Z} \, : \, 0 \leq n\lt10 \rbrace$, which you are then allowed to encode in any way you want (some form of error ...
37 views

### How to provide mathematical proof of the security of a stream cipher against known attacks?

Suppose a person has invented a stream cipher and he/she wants to get it published. I have a few questions: In addition to providing detailed description of the algorithm, how would he/she give ...
48 views

### Why need mapping to slots to embed bytes in AES-homomorphic encryption?

The encoding of each AES bytes $𝛼_𝑖$ is using CRT(Chinese remainder theorem). It means that there is an aggregate plaintext $H$ such that: $H \mod F_0 =𝛼_0(MappingData[0])$ \$H \mod F_1 ...
55 views

### How to invert a linear hash function?

My friend is trying to convince me that his linear hash function (with a few bit operations) is secure. Is there a way to disprove this? (Or prove this, but I've read from multiple sources that this ...
17 views

### Finding missing probabilities for formal proofs

In formal proofs, you often need to use probabilities to show that the Advantage of an algorithm is negligible. In proofs by contradiction, these probabilities are often tied to probabilities of ...
38 views

### Parallel hashing function that always gives the same hash despite a variable number of cpus

The title pretty much sums it up :) I'm looking for a hashing algorithm that does not need to be cryptographically secure beyond reducing the number of accidental collisions. There is no need to ...
28 views

### TLS padding format

My question is about how the padding is formated in TLS1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 I came across the PKCS7 format for the padding: ...
47 views

### How to deal with collisions in Bitcoin addresses?

When creating a Bitcoin account, you need to issue a couple of private/public ECDSA-keys. Then, you derive your account address by taking a 160-bit hash (through sha-256 and ripemd) of the public key ...
33 views

### Simple application of verifiable random function?

I have been reading a little bit about verifiable random functions (e.g.). In the literature, these are described as "pseudo-random functions that provide a non-interactively verifiable proof for the ...
19 views

### Which protocols / file formats use CBC with a random IV and without a MAC?

Disclaimer: I am a noob so this may well be a stupid question or one that's been asked before. I didn't see it come up after searching, though, so I'm going to assume it hasn't been asked here. The ...
54 views

### Encryption & decryption of integers using modular multiplicative inverse and extended euclidean algorithm

I'm looking for a neat algorithm, which is capable of encrypting an integer to another integer and decrypting it again AND is secure. When I was in university, my professor showed me an awesome way ...
36 views

### Security of a lightweight heartbeat protocol

I am implementing a heartbeat protocol so that a server can send notifications to clients. The notifications are not occurring so often, so I don't want to keep an open TCP+TLS session for each ...
69 views

### Differential bound of the S-Box in GOST R34.11-2012

In Russian GOST R34.11-2012 LPS-transformation is used. LPS gets all of its non-linearity from the 8-bit S-box S, which apparently has been designed to offer resistance against classical methods of ...
15 views

### IX509Extension XCN encoding?

I understand from reading MSDN that the X509 v3 extensions must be handcrafted. This involves the CRL, AIA, name and policy constraints, policy mapping, private key usage period, and subject ...
43 views

### Is it possible to create a detection oracle for all block cipher modes? — ciphertext-only cryptanalysis

I have made an ECB/CBC detection oracle, and am now trying to make a detection oracle that can differentiate between CBC/CFB/OFB/CTR/etc. I can already tell ECB apart from the others due to this ...
71 views

### How to calculate min entropy of the output of PRNG?

As min entropy of a random variable provides the maximum probability of getting the desired realization of the random variable, which is the most conservative way of measuring the uncertainty of ...
42 views

### Rijndael variant using AES for key schedule?

The weakest part of Rijndael is considered to be the key schedule (I believe that this is true for all variants, including ones not standardized as AES). One solution to this problem is to use ...