# All Questions

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### Are there public $p$ and $q$ numbers for use in DSA?

There are many RFC documents giving large primes to use in Diffie-Hellman. However, I couldn't find standards on the $p$ and $q$ large primes used in the DSA signature scheme. This is proving to be a ...
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### Any functioning system for interactive proof?

My problem is to outsource an array of data and ask the prover to sort the data. I am wonder if there is any working system out there that support interactive proof for the above computation? Or if ...
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### Diffie-Hellman exchange

So for a Diffie-Hellman problem, I am given the prime $p$ for the Diffie-Hellman exchange. I am also given $g$, secret number for machine as $A$, secret number for station as $B$, a Diffie-Hellman ...
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### Protocol/algorithms based on a variable-length input PRF

Are the proofs based on a PRF assumption still valid when using a variable-length input PRF ? The answer might be obvious, but I have a doubt.
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### Infinite depth BLAKE2b tree hashing

In the BLAKE2 paper, the authors define Maximal depth (1 byte): an integer in [1, 255] (set to 255 if unlimited, and to 1 only in sequential mode) Node depth (1 byte): an integer in [0, 255] ...
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### How many messages needs to be send to server to get AES key in Cache-timing Attack

I'm trying to evaluate the correlation between key length and the number of messages that needs to be send to server during Cache timing Attack. I read both D. Bernstein, “Cache-timing attacks on AES,...
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### Question about modifying the MD5 plain text to cause a collision

I was trying to understand MD5 and got stuck with this question, its from Michael sipser's book on Information security Principles and Practice, 2nd edition The MD5 collision in Problem 25 is said ...
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### Detail about reactive simulatability framework

I'm trying to understand the framework of reactive simulatability using *"PfWa2_00AsyncModel"* from this publication which is a tech report behind the paper A model for Asynchronous Reactive Systems ...
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### How to perform benchmark of block/stream ciphers?

I would like to perform some benchmarking of different block and stream ciphers for general data (lossless and lossy data) encryption and decryption (with focus on power consumption). To get general ...
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### Integer factorization based password authentication

After looking at this security issue at DjangoProject, I started to think in a password-based authentication that places the burden of PBKDF2 (or whatever is the hashing function) on the client. So I ...
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### partial-domain permutation and strong assumption

Quoting "Verified Security of Redundancy-Free Encryption from Rabin and RSA", Chapter 2 (on page 4): OAEP was proved IND-CCA-secure by Fujisaki et al. [28] under the assumption that the underlying ...
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### How well analyzed are giant block length ciphers?

I have heard about ciphers that have a block length of 256 megabytes... That is huge. How well are they understood by the encryption community? I'm referring to PMC Ciphers. Has anyone used such a ...
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### How can I prove that this encryption scheme from a random oracle is secure?

I am reading this example: A random oracle is an ideal object. What makes a random oracle convenient for proofs is the part about knowing nothing on the output for a given input if you do not ...
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### Relaxed trust criterion for mental poker server?

I've read a lot about protocols for mental poker without a trusted server, but I'm interested in the possibility of a faster, more practical protocol that relaxes that criterion a bit and "trusts" a ...
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### Predicate Encryption supporting disjunctions

I am not sure if I missed some subtlety in the definition of Attribute Hiding found in this paper on Predicate Encryption, but isn't it possible to construct a scheme for Predicate Encryption ...
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### One-time pad and perfect secrecy properties

I have a homework problem: Explain how to find $m_{0}$ and $c$ such that $P[c=c': k \leftarrow K, c' \leftarrow E(k, m_{0})] > 0$ where P is probability and k is chosen uniformly. I do not know ...
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### How hard is a known prefix hash preimage attack?

Suppose the attacker knows $X, Z$ such that $H(X || Y) = Z$ If bit-length(Y) < 60 then a brute force attack is possible. What if ...
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### Prevent/minimize replay attacks in public message board

Assume we have a public message board where anyone can send a message to. If plain messages are used, anyone can impersonate anyone. The goal is to disallow impersonations. We can use public key ...
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### Creating colliding x509 certificates: Crafting RSA moduli step

I am trying to generate 2 x509 certificates with the same signature but different values in the common name field, based on md5 collisions, as it was specified in this paper (page 7). Now I have ...
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### elgamal based decryption mixnet

Can anybody help me to understand elgamal based decryption mixnet? Pure elgamal can be used in mixnet (re-encryption mixnet) and its very easy, and I have implemented decryption mixnet using RSA also. ...
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### Determining the algorithm used to generate a digital signature

I have a string "abcd pqrs". This string is digitally signed with an X.509 certificate (with its private key) and it produces a signature. From the signed string, is it possible to find out what ...
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### Transforming simplest protocol into a Sigma-protocol

I have some questions from previous years exams, I hope you could help me with them. :) Suppose that a protocol satisfies the properties of a $\Sigma$-protocol, except that it is only (plain) ...
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### Is this a valid real-time authentication scheme?

The scenario in Alice/Bob/Cindy terms: Alice approaches someone she doesn't know, but thinks is Bob, and asks for some secret information. Bob doesn't know and doesn't trust Alice, but Alice says she ...
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### Computer appliance protocol

I build the computer appliance system that consist of software server and multiple controllers. The system I want to build must be pluggable in the sense that when I connect a controller C to the ...
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### Structure of encrypted office files

I try to find out the structure of encrypted office files (I'd like to implement something like a carving tool for finding certain encrypted file types). I try to understand the Office Document ...
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### How to properly format a PGP Message Block?

As sort of a follow up to my (currently) unanswered question, if it is correct, how do i properly calculate and format the packet that actually stores the data being encrypted? I thought I knew what I ...
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### Setting protocol parameters to achieve concrete security

Background One issue with modern security proofs is that they are usually asymptotic. In other words, such proofs are usually formulated as follows: For any polynomial-time adversary $\mathcal A$, we ...
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### Some Question about Security Proof of authenticated identity-based encryption

In authenticated identity-based encryption by Benn Lynn, in proof of security, I have a little difficulties in understanding. In key extraction queries,if attacker request for guessed ID, then B fails....
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### Why security proof uses random oracles in identity-based encryption?

In identity-based encryption, users decrypt the ciphertext by using private keys. Without private key, no one will be able to decrypt.In security proofs like here, random oracles are used with the ...
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### Secure Communication Protocol Design using oblivious transfer?

I have a problem I need to solve with the following scenario and I hope someone can help me find an approach or direction to start tackling it. Consider Alice as a sender who has $n$ strings which ...
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### Authenticating a range of a ciphertext

I have some data that I CTR-AES-256 encrypt already. I am aware of ways to validate the integrity of the entire file (ie: a separate MAC of the plaintext, or encrypt then MAC, etc). But none of ...
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### Anonymous Identity-based broadcast encryption use single common key or different keys

In identity-based broadcast encryption, suppose the broadcast ciphertext $(r_1,r_2,\dots,r_i,U,W,V)$ is sent to the receiver. In some cases, they use some function $f(x)=k-\prod_{i=1}^{t} (x-v_{i})$ ...
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### Getting a key size of DSA/Elgamal certificate

I've tried to get a public key size of DSA/Elgamal PGP certificate. Using the Cleopatra I find out that there is actually two public keys - one with DSA with key ...
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### Proof that two signatures are done with the same short bases

My question is regarding lattice based signatures. Each lattice can have multiple short (secret) bases. Is it possible to proof in zero knowledge that two signatures on a fixed lattice have been ...
In ECRSA cryptosystem, I want to know the feasible attacks. For illustrations we have two prime $p$ and $q$ such that $p \equiv 2 \pmod 3$, $q \equiv 2 \pmod 3$ and generate key pair as follows: n = ...