# All Questions

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### XOR = Best encryption? [duplicate]

If you have a TRULY random key (in binary) and you have a text (in binary) that you want to encrypt. Can you simple XOR the key and the text? Is that secure? How secure?
92 views

### Definition of the term “key”

I've looked in many places (NIST, text books, online resources) and I cannot find an answer to the definition of the term "key" from a semantic point of view. Is it the "key" to cipher-texts (i.e. ...
120 views

### Turning data into seemingly random noise

I am currently working on a python script that does image steganography, altering the least significant bit on each channel of the image. Now imagine encrypting a file with a bunch of null bytes, or ...
323 views

### How to create a PEM file for storing an RSA key?

I have an RSA private key $\{d,n\}$ and a public key $\{e,n\}$, where $n$ is the modulus, and I also have the prime factors $p$ and $q$ of $n$. I want to create a PEM file containing this information,...
137 views

### Understanding Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange [closed]

Help me understand the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange From what I understand: Agreed upon numbers: Both parties agree on the value of a large prime number $p$ and a generator $g$. The users each ...
539 views

### At what point can you you implement crypto algorithms?

First off, this feels like it should be a common question, so I'm sorry if I've missed an older thread. Note that in my question, I'm talking about "implementing AES" rather than "designing AES2" or ...
82 views

### If someone had a list of all primes, would it be possible for them to factor any integer in polynomial time? [duplicate]

For example, if they somehow got a function that would churn out any arbitrary amount of primes in a row. Could they break the RSA problem then?
59 views

### “Strict” software for playing and learning with private and public key

my question is just for teaching/learning practice and I think it's not meaningful for the real world. I've played with openssl a lot but from my understanding it's somehow not strict in the format ...
76 views

### Missing public exponent

Using LUC RSA, I have a list of 8 public keys $(R_1,n_1)$ through $(R_8,n_8)$, and a list of $8$ messages $M_1\dots M_8$. The messages have all been double encrypted. However, one of the public key ...
339 views

### Brute-force attack given small search-space and hash prefix

Suppose we have a value $secret which is a random 56-bit (7-byte) string. Suppose an adversary wishes to discover$secret. The ...
157 views

### Does the Paillier system remain secure if it is used to encrypt only binary values, i.e. {0, 1}?

Is there any security compromises if the Paillier system was used to encrypt only binary message in {0, 1}? i.e., plaintexts are either 0 or 1.
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### Encoding a message to a point of curve y^2=x^3+7 and Bitcoin Core

Where should I look at in Bitcoin Core source code to figure out how the signature process trasform a message in a curve point? To sign a transaction (message) in Bitcoin system, you need to encode ...
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146 views

### What does signed fixed window method mean in ECC?

I am studying (sliding) window method in Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) but I am confused by the term, signed fixed window method. By the way term is used in a research paper and not in the book ...
22k views

### How much would it cost in U.S. dollars to brute force a 256 bit key in a year?

I am often told that any key can be broken and that it is only a matter of time and resources for any key to be broken. I know that this it technically true. However, I think that there is probably a ...
2k views

### Is ECB mode safe to use with RSA encryption? [duplicate]

Firstly, bear with me, I'm relatively new to cryptography. In a recent static analysis scan of our application, one of the findings complained that we are using ECB: A mode of operation of a block ...
381 views

### How to verify a shared secret using only AES?

I have two devices that need to verify that they both are in possesion of the same secret key. One of the devices is a very limited embedded device that only has AES128 available, no SHA or other hash ...
232 views

### Are well designed crypographic codes unbreakable? (NOT ciphers)

Codes are not to be confused with ciphers. It is known that all known ciphers are theoretically breakable except the one-time pad and this isn't what the question is about. Some cryptographic codes ...
647 views

### PGP digital signature vs SHA256 HMAC Comparison

First let me admit that I am not a mathematician or a cryptographer. I am responsible for assisting in making a recommendation on a project that is consolidating payment processes within a company's ...