# All Questions

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### How can one encrypt with RSA (or ElGamal) without revealing whom the ciphertext is intended for?

Imagine Alice wants to encrypt for Bob and post this encryption publicly, so that only Bob can decrypt but no one can other than Alice or Bob tell that the message was encrypted for Bob. The naive ...
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### how to use common modulus attack?

I am struck with the following problem: Let Alice, Bob, Chris and Eve communicate over a public network. They encrypt all messages they send using RSA system. Bob and Chris have the RSA modulus ...
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### Perfect Forward Secrecy with NaCl

I would like to use the NaCl cryptography library (or TweetNaCl), but I would very much like to have perfect forward secrecy for my application. From what I understand, all Bob needs to to decrypt a ...
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### Advantages to knowing $p$ and $q$ in Blum Blum Shub?

Do you gain any advantage by knowing the factorization of $M$ (over just knowing $M$ itself) in the Blum Blum Shub generator? The only advantage I see is being able to calculate the $i$-th number ...
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### Is C25519/Ed25519 “twist secure”?

This recent new curve mentions something that's new to me: twist security. http://safecurves.cr.yp.to/bada55.html Are the existing C25519/Ed25519 curves secure against this form of attack?
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### ElGamal digital signature. why mod p-1 in delta?

Im trying to figure out why $\delta$ in the signature part of ElGamal has mod $p-1$ when $\gamma$ has mod $p$? $\gamma = \alpha^k \mod p$ $\delta = (x-a\gamma)k^{-1} \mod p-1$
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### How exactly are PRNG's used to encrypt material, and what makes one any more secure than the other?

I hope my question isn't as lazy as the title indicates. What I want to ask is how people literally integrate a PRNG with encrypting material. I wrote a silly little script in Python a while back ...
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### Knapsack Public to Private (Superincreasing knapsack)

I need to convert a hard knapsack to a superincreasing knapsack. I have these superincreasing values (3,6,11,22,43,87). I also have w = 7 and n = 173. I converted the superincreasing values to hard ...
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### Ed25519 with R replaced by H(RAM)?

Ed25519 signatures consist of $(R, s)$, where $s = r + H(RAM)a$ $mod$ $l$, and $R = rB$. This differs from the Schnorr signature where instead of $R$, the signature contains the hash $h=H(RAM)$. ...
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### Is it possible to find data which makes sense when decrypted with different keys?

In theory, does a piece of data exist which, when encrypted (using any method) with a given key, makes some sense when decrypted with the wrong key? Here, a definition of "some sense" might be ...
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### Building a stream-cipher out of a hash function?

I've already read this: Is it feasible to build a stream cipher from a cryptographic hash function? However, my proposed construction differs… Suppose the hash generates N bits. These bits are split ...
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### Is it possible to construct a secure block cipher of size $2n$ given a secure block cipher of size $n$?

Given, say, the Blowfish block cipher, which is considered secure but only has a 64-bit block size, can we construct a secure block cipher of 128-bit block size? Say we run the key through two KDFs, ...
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### RSA private exponent primality

I know that the public exponent is always a prime, but what about the private exponent? Is it always a prime too?
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### Is there a number of tries after which Hashcash is guaranted to be solved?

Hashcash is a proof-of-work system in which the Sender needs to find $Y$ such as the first (let's say 20) bits of $H(X+Y)$ are zeros where $H$ is a one-way hash function, $X$ is a fixed value and $+$ ...
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### Is AES key length a size of the key or entropy?

While educating my self I'm having hard time to understand what an 128 bit AES key actually means? Is it a key length or entropy? Please explain to me trough following example (assuming AES): ...
1k views

### Problems with using AES Key as IV in CBC-Mode

I'm a pentester and currently analysing a web application which are using some strange encryption scheme. The point is: They encrypt using AES-128, generate a (not cryptographic secure) key and use ...
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### Breaking RSA when some bits of one prime are known

RSA primes are 100 bit. You know first 80 bits of one of the primes. In this system, come up with an efficient way to decrypt the cipher-text. This was the question on my quiz. I'm not sure how ...
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### What are Cryptographic Multi-linear Maps?

I've encountered this term many times in the fields of Fully-Homomorphic Encryption and Obfuscation. I want to learn those subject and Cryptographic Linear Maps seems to be an obstacle in the way. ...
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### ECDSA vs RSA: Performance on Android platform and surprising results

For our privacy-preserving protocol, an encrypted channel is established. In order to protect our system from man-in-the-middle attacks, signature-based approach is used. After we've implemented it ...
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### What constitutes a “description of B” for probabilistic encryption as defined in Cryptology 6.3.4?

On page 21 of the Rivest's Cryptology chapter, he defines a trapdoor predicate as a boolean function for which it is easy to choose an x such that ...
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### Special random distribution algorithm

I am implementing ring signatures as a part of an authorization system. Since the number of users could get high enough to make computation on end-user devices infeasible, I am thinking of ...
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### Are hash functions chaotic?

I'm looking into "bitcoin like" mining processes. Say a security process uses a hash of data as proof that the data was known at some point in time. From what I understand, hash functions are ...
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### How to solve cipher encrypted with Vigenère + Columnar Transposition?

Vigenère's weakness is Kasiski's test and index of coincidence. However, if you put columnar transposition on top of Vigenère, that weakness is gone. The text is now shuffled and you can't search for ...
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### RSA Key Blinding

I was looking the answer to the following question (Timing attack on modular exponentiation), discussing the Private Key Blinding as a countermeasure for timing attacks. Therefore I'm asking if ...
Use case: I have a random number generator that can generate random numbers in a range that is limited by a number $x$, say $x$ ranges from $2$ to $2^{(n - 1)} - 1$ exclusive. In this case $n$ is ...