# All Questions

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### Encrypt HDD with keyfile and password and allow backing up the keyfile with secret sharing

I want to: Encrypt my whole HDD with a keyfile and a password (meaning that both are required to decrypt it), Be able to back up pieces of the keyfile in several distant locations using Secret ...
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### DH key exchange with only one end authenticated

We know there is a man in the middle vulnerability with unauthenticated DH key establishment. And the way to negate that is to use authenticate the keys used. But what if I only verify the signature ...
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### Symmetry between a public and a private key

I know that the private and public key in assymetric cryptography are different and the public is used for encryption while the private for decryption. My question is if they are symmetrical to each ...
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### Can N, q be shared for multiple users when using SRP-6A

Is it considered bad practice to use the same N and q parameters for all users in an SRP-6A based authentication system? I know that q MUST be a Sophie Germain prime and N a safe prime, but can they ...
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### Is there an anonymous non-interactive authorisation scheme with peer-side auth. signature generation?

I implemented a pseudonymous PKI scheme (by K. Zeng @Springer Link), where all peers can change their public keys including its signature on their own. I am looking for a way to extend it with some ...
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### Why Distance-128 relation in Plain texts is reflected in Cipher texts

The two text having relation as "\x10\x11" → "\x90\x91" (80+10) will have relation after encryption/decryption also in RC4. Following code clearly describes the problem I am mentioning. ...
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### Question about dual system encryption

Recently, I have been reading some dual system encryption papers. In these systems, is the adversary able to generate “semi-functional ciphertexts”?
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### Does AES 256 really make sense in hybrid crypto systems when the PKI is the bottleneck?

AES 256 is used widely in hybrid crypto systems (e.g. SSL/TLS). According to keylength.com a 2048 bit public key corresponds to 112 bits of security. Does it make sense to use AES 256 in this ...
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### AES and One Time Passwords

I have used AES to secure my short term wireless network(1 day lifetime). The same symmetric key is used for securing entire network traffic. is it possible to improve security with onetime password ...
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### Do I need two keys for AES CBC and HMAC or can I use the same key for both operations?

I am setting up a Python program to encipher messages on the following basis: -from my password, generate 32-byte key from SHA256(password) -generate a 16-byte IV from a PRNG -measure the length of ...
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### Can we parallelize the Feistel Networks?

Classic Feistel Networks and various types of FN's are sequential in nature. [1]has a good overview of different types. But is there a way we can do Feistel Networks in parallel and achieve good ...
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### Which homomorphic encryption scheme has the same size of plaintext space and ciphertext space?

I want to pre-compute the result for all possible ciphertext of a homomorphic encryption. Is it acheivable? Is there a fully homomorphic encryption scheme that has the same size of plaintext space ...
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### Is it possible to deduce the IV from CBC ciphered data, without knowing the key?

The question came up here, which left me thinking: Is it possible to deduce the IV from CBC ciphered data, without knowing the key? And if not, why is it considered a bad idea to create an IV by, for ...
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### Perl DES PCBC as protection against decryption/crypt analysis

Is error propagation in DES PCBC a good method to prevent decryption/crypt analysis by third parties? If I had a very large file encrypted with Perl's DES with the PCBC option, and then removed the ...
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### Can CBC encryption have separate keys for separate blocks of plain text?

Can we have separate key for separate blocks which we get while operating a plain text message using CBC encryption model? If yes, what are it's advantage? Please enlighten me.
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### Why does Fortuna RNG use double SHA-256?

In the paper for Fortuna the authors say that you can use any good digest algorithm (obviously as long as its output is 256 bit) and then they recommend double SHA-256. Why? What's the benefit? What ...
64 views

### Near preimages, applicable to Bitcoin?

Bitcoin mining relies on generating a smaller hash than the so-called target (a function of the so-called difficultly), thus is vulnerable to a truncated preimage attack (you just need to obtain a ...
131 views

### What is difference among eavesdropper attack, multiple message attack and CPA attack?

What is/are difference(s) among eavesdropper attack, multiple message attack and CPA attack in context of symmetric key encryption? I only know that in eavesdropper attack there is an adversary ...
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### how to use salt to sign a message and how is it effective? [duplicate]

I've had an assignment to sign a file using hash and salt, so I read about salt and I got why it's important when it comes to password, but not to sign messages. How do I sign something using salt? ...
1k views

### CryptoJS.AES result always has same first few bytes?

When using this very minimal CryptoJS AES example: ...
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### Difference between known-plaintext attack and forward search attack

I am looking at the different attacks on RSA. I came across known-plaintext attack where the public key can be used to encrypt all possible messages until it finds a match on the sent encrypted ...
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### What is the best way to share a shared secret key over HTTPS to be used for HMAC authentication?

I am writing an application in Java that will be using SHA-1 HMAC message authentication. From what I understand, a connection over HTTPS is considered secure enough to share a secret key in plain ...
278 views

### Right usage of PBKDF2 and login system questions

I'm developing the login part of my application and I was asking myself how to do it right. My application stores some users' data server-side that must be inaccessible from us, so all the content ...
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I've read a paper that says that one of the "assumptions" that it makes is secure broadcast. Why is this an assumption? Can't a broadcast channel be built with simple primitives--i.e. encrypt and sign ...
153 views

### Designing a secure IM protocol

I haven't been programming much lately, so I figured I would make an encrypted instant-messaging program (read: Skype clone) with groups to hone my skills. That's not important though, I can do that. ...
157 views

### What is the forward cipher function of AES-XTS?

We're using OpenSSLs EVP_aes_265_xts encryption on data (with unique, random, IVs for every new message encrypted) - which is working well. But, I've been asked; what is the forward cipher function ...
154 views

### Compared to GCM or XTS modes, how secure is H xor R1, E (R2, R1, Message) for confidentiality and integrity?

Let R1 and R2 be (32 byte) random values, and let a H = Hash (R1, R2, Message) be of the same length as each R value. Provided E (R2, R1, Message) is operating in some chaining mode, are there any ...
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### Shamir's ID based signatures - Notation issues

I am currently implementing Shamir's ID Based signature scheme as defined in the original paper. The sign and verify operation are defined as follows: Sign: $s = g * r^{f(t,m)} (\mod n)$ ...
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### OTP sequence uniqueness

Is it possible to use Time-based One Time Password (TOTP) algorithms to generate tokens from multiple channels (where a channel is defined as a "user" using a certain shared key $K_c$ for channel ...
197 views

### Hash functions with or without secret key

The classical definition of hash functions (found in books) are OK, but when studying a little more there is a lot of notions that seem ambiguous (contradictory) to me : Sometimes we have hash ...
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### How unsafe is to share parts of a password

The best way to ask this question and have a concrete answer is to set a very specific example. This is the example I would be interested in reading an answer to: Consider that my friend Alice has ...
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### crypto design with AES256 MODE OFB

I have the following APP Design key store (contains 1:n user payload as 1:n key store entries) key store salt (is used to extend to key store password to 256 bits, stored in clear text) key store ...
286 views

### How can I simulate and measure brute force hacking using RSA?

I want to implement brute force hacking using RSA. How can I simulate and measure time duration? What software (or software-based simulator) would be needed?
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### Hashing a uuidv4 + time to create a unique id

First, I am no crypto expert although I am doing the MOOC. I have an item which has as id: uuidv4 When I create this item: I create a new uuidv4 check if it already exists and if not, I store it ...
352 views

### Encrypting a payload for transmission over HTTP. AES256 with PBKDF2

I've done some reading about implementing AES256 and deriving a key from a password. If I understand correctly: I want to generate a new salt (for the key) and a new IV (for the encrypted message) ...
479 views

### Securely send public key from client to server in RSA?

I have a client and a server communicating with messages encrypted using RSA. Initially, the client knows server's public key, but the server does not know the client's public key. Is it possible to ...
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### How can i predict the next number of a long sequence of seemingly random numbers? [closed]

How can I accurately predict the next random number between 1 and 999, given past results. I have no knowledge of the PRNG or algorithm used. How can I predict the next number of a long sequence of ...
112 views

### Hashing entropy generator output with SHA256

I'm using SHA256 to hash the output of an entropy generator to generate random numbers. Is it generally better to treat the output of the entropy generator as single messages and hash each of those ...
147 views

### Is Bitmessage a Mix network?

I've read the Bitmessage whitepaper and I found it rather lacking on the details, but it promises anonymous routing. Can it be considered a variation on mix-networks, where each peer acts as a ...