# All Questions

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### Shor's Algorithm values

I'm working with Shor's algorithm and I have a question regarding the following step $$a^r -1 = (a^{r/2}+1)(a^{r/2}-1)=0 \pmod n$$ Now what is going to be the result if ${r/2}$ was -1? this will ...
47 views

### Smart card Strong authentication / Verification ( fingerprints)

I'm trying to make a strong authentication software and embedded software in a java card. I have found many papers and publications about the subject… too much information to process and I'm working ...
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### Does not using padding mean a lack of security?

I've read several texts which say that if the entire plaintext is a multiple of the block-size padding is not required (and not using padding would not mean a loss of security). I generally disagree ...
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### Accelerated hashing on consumer-grade CPU?

Question is a follow-up to this one. The question was about accelerating SHA1. I am writing an application, where I do have a choice of hash algorithm, as long as it's a strong one. I want to be able ...
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### Undefined $E_y(1,r_{i,j,1})$ notation in cryptography paper, suspect ElGamal-like

I'm trying to understand a paper that uses the notation $E_y(1,r_{i,j,1})$ (full text available in link, used just once on Page #35, 6th page of pdf, Section 3.3, Step 1c) in the context of an ...
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### x509 CA trust question

I'm trying to understand the logic of CAs, trust and client certificates. I have a general understanding but am having a tough time bridging some gaps. In a hypothetical situation a software system ...
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### Tiger Tree Hash vs generic Merkle Tree

Is there any advantage of using Tiger Tree Hash over any other hash function organized as the Merkle tree? Are there maybe any properties of TIGER that, say, SHA2 or BLAKE in Merkle tree do not have? ...
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### CBC MAC and DES combined question?

Suppose that we want to develop a MAC scheme which is as secure as Triple-DES CBC-MAC and at the same time as efficient as Single-DES CBC-MAC. We come up with the following idea: Except the last ...
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### How can I decode a Hill Cipher without a key? [duplicate]

On my exam, we had to solve this problem: message matrix is: [20, 19, 14; 17, 0 10] and the ciphertext matrix is: ...
135 views

### Generalize the Merkle–Damgård construction for any compression function

I am trying to figure out this question: Generalize the Merkle–Damgård construction for any compression func­tion that compresses by at least one bit . You should refer to a general input ...
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### Cryptography — with a semi-priveleged user in the middle — to prevent request-tampering with another server

I'm working on a chat server for a mobile app I am writing. I would like to use a different application server for non-chat related operations and another application for chat operations. I would ...
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### Why does computing g^a * g^{-a} with the PBC library result in zero?

My example code is as follows: /* * Example 1 * 1) Calculate g^a * 2) calculate g^{-a} * 3) multiply g^a * g^{-a} * */ Note: here ...
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### Cryptography Implementation in software

I am trying to implement a password manager in C and I had a question about the proper steps in implementing the crypto. I looked at some implementations, google talks on crypto and what the standards ...
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### Cryptographic library quality [closed]

I've been working on a project that will require secure communication over the internet, so I've been thinking of TLS 1.2. After looking around I chose Botan but then I thought about using a more ...
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### Is anyone aware of Du atallah multiplicative secret sharing scheme for dot products for > 2 party scenario?

I am working on Du Atallah's multiplicative secret sharing scheme for more than 2 party scenario. Is anyone aware of its multiparty version (more than 2 parties). The paper for 2 party can be found ...
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### What is a 'secret key factory'? What precisely is it doing? [closed]

I have found a Java implementation of AES CBC mode that runs in Netbeans. The lines below appear to create the key from password and salt: ...
113 views

### Sequence of Encrypting RSA like Chaum Blinding scheme

I'd be a noob in cryptography but reading up a little on RSA, I do get some understanding and I want to specifically resolve this issue. UPDATED Lets say we have the following values in place: ...
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### Client puzzle using hash

When a server is under attack, it send the client the following data: Nonce - a byte array of Y length Hash - the hash digest of the puzzle solution The client has to find X such as ...
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### RSA timing attack

Given an RSA implementation that uses Montgomery multiplications and CIOS exp algo, but NOT CRT. Given a decryption1 oracle that takes chosen cipher text and responds the plain text and the time it ...
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### What is the idea behind hashing the QueryString in OAuth?

In OAuth 1.0a and 2.0 using MAC Authorization, I need to generate a hash of all the QueryString Parameters, which requires normalization (alphabetical ordering) of them. I'm trying to understand what ...
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### Public-key based on roots of polynomial

In general it's hard to calculate the roots of a given polynomial P(x). But the other way back calculating the coefficients is much easier (Vieta's formulas). If this is a one-way function, is it ...
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### Does a dynamic accumulator exist yet? [closed]

I’m looking for a one-way accumulator which can safely add new members (deletion is not necessary) and does not rely on a trusted party in any way. I’ve been looking for one, I need it for this ...
140 views

### Is this a secure (and correct) sign-then-encrypt technique for transferring messages?

After reading some information on the way iMessage works I have been working on writing some code to try my hand at securely transferring messages in a similar manner and I wanted to confirm that the ...
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### Problem implementing MixBytes functionality in Groestl

Disclaimer: School work. I am trying to implement Groestl through Java, and have got stuck on the MixBytes section which can be found here section 3.4.5 page 11. As per the description of matrix ...
94 views

### Trying to calculate the strength of a Bitcoin brain wallet created with a custom diceware password

I want to create a brain wallet using a custom diceware since I don't like the original one. Instead of 7776 words it has 46656 because I use 6 dice for each word instead of 5, and also it only has ...
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### Is there need for message authentication if a public key is transmitted and then used to encrypt a symmetric key?

First I'd like to note that I'm really a beginner at cryptography, and while this interests me and while I have researched it in the past few months, there is still a lot of things that simply aren't ...
82 views

### counter to indicate hotp count

I was trying to figure out how HOTP kept from wrapping over, when I saw this explanation of how it works, by Thomas Pornin [source]: The intended scenario is the following: the client has a ...
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### Is there a flaw in whole disk encryption vs volume or folder encryption? [duplicate]

My company just implemented whole disk encryption on all laptops (Symantec) and the concept seems flawed. Please correct me if I'm wrong, but if I have known file in plain text and that same file in ...
151 views

### Rainbow tables and blowfish

I'm thinking of implementing rainbow tables for a specific blowfish problem, but I have trouble thinking of the proper way to apply the original paper (and its application to hash functions) to ...
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### Parallel-resistant proof-of-work scheme without hidden knowledge

Follow-up to: Parallel-resistant proof-of-work scheme? Is there a proof-of-work scheme that: can only be solved serially; given the solution, can be verified in minimal time; deterministically ...
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### Using a hash with a constant key to create easily verifiable codes

I'll keep my question short. If I keep handing out different codes generated by this function, will it be trivial to figure out the secret key? ...