# All Questions

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### Implementing RSA with small integers in CUDA

I have found some researches dedicated for speeding-up RSA calculations using CUDA. But I am wondering how they do that, given that the biggest unsigned int that could be declared in CUDA is 64 bit. ...
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### Advantages of HS1-SIV over ChaCha20-Poly1305-SIV?

What advantages does HS1-SIV have over ChaCha20-Poly1305-SIV? I know that both use the ChaCha stream cipher, but I am trying to understand why HS1-Hash is a better MAC. Edit: To hide the Poly1305 ...
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### How can a message encrypted with the public key be decrypted with the private key? [duplicate]

I've been reading about encryption and have a basic understanding of the concept. What I don't understand, however, is how a calculation with one key can result in a number that, through calculation ...
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### Plaintext and ciphertext block sizes

How can you determine the largest plaintext block size and smallest ciphertext size if you used RSA with $n=59768553302699443$ using an alphabet with $27$ characters?
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### Which ciphers produce random ciphertext?

I already know AES produces a "random" output. 5e4e6440826d6afc4535fbf078455f791159701a9df624ddd4e4dda84523b6a7 Its ciphertext doesn't follow a pattern and is ...
86 views

### Why is CBC-MAC with length appended not secure?

I've just read about CBC-MAC for the authentication of arbitrary length messages. In particular I cannot figure out why appending the message length before computing the MAC yields a non-secure MAC. ...
68 views

### Proven secure scheme under random oracle

Currently I am trying to understand random oracle model in order to make a small presentation about it but I seem to be very confused about it. Since it's an hypothetical model without a real life ...
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### Is the IV value in Davies Meyer construction public?

I am learning the construction of Davies-Meyer to construct a hash function from block ciphers. The definition that I found is $$H_i=E_{m_i}(H_{i-1})\oplus H_{i-1}.$$ where $E_k$ is a block cipher ...
204 views

### Lattice based attack on RSA

Let $n=pq$ be the RSA module and at least one of $p,q$ is a weak prime.It is proved that the number of such $1024$bit $n$ is at least $2^{759}$. With lattices we can factor these $n$ in a second (I ...
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### What is the purpose of Pseudorandom Function Families (PRFs)?

I'm currently in a course in Cryptography, and was wondering why pseudorandom function families exist at all. If there existed one pseudorandom function f(x), based on its definition, could that not ...
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### How is the AddRoundKey operation performed in AES-256?

Can anyone explain to me (or send a link to somewhere) how round keys are added in AES-256? I understand that the round keys is added to the state matrix for each round and how XOR works. But since ...
98 views

### RSA and difference between factors

As I understand, for RSA $n = p \cdot q$. For the key to be safe enough from getting factored, $p$ and $q$ have to be far from each other. How far do they have to be? For example, if I have two ...
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### How to perfrom modular division while numerator is lesser than the denominator?

I'm implementing point addition and point doubling of elliptic curve cryptography. The formula that I'm using for slope is Point addition: $S = \frac{(P_y-Q_y)}{(P_x-Q_x)}$ where $P$ and $Q$ are the ...
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### How secure is Shamir's Secret Sharing for password sharing when attacker has t-1 shares?

I am designing protocol to share a random generated n long password between k parties using Shamir's Secret Sharing. I know that share alone does not reveal much information about the original ...
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### Largest number that could be factored in milli seconds

Considering a home pc/laptop as machine used (Say typical 2.4 GHz, 16GB RAM, 4 core processor) for running any factorization algorithm. What would be the largest number that could be factored into its ...
119 views

### Why does the time complexity of RSA encryption and decryption depend on the size of the modulus?

I would think that the time complexity would depend on the exponent, not the number of bits in the modulus. For example, if the exponent were 5, using the "naive" method, we would perform 5 ...
146 views

### Help understanding basic Franklin-Reiter related message attack

I am trying to understand this attack at the most basic level. I set up the following basic scenario: Let the public encryption exponent, e = 3. Let p, be some arbitrary but known (to the ...
152 views

### Confused about how chosen ciphertext attacks work?

When performing a CCA, the adversary gets the public key. At some point, he will send a message m to the challenger, and the challenger will send back either $E_{pk}(m)$ or $E_{pk}(r)$, where r is ...
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### Is it secure to use ciphertext feedback with RC4?

Consider the following modification of RC4 to give some "ciphertext feedback" ...
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### Using scrypt to generate key + IV/nonce together

Is there any security issue in using scrypt for Key + IV/nonce generation? In other words, can I safely use only a salt for scrypt and derive the nonce along with the key? For example: I have data I ...
34 views

### Possible to detect if a message is PGP encrypted/signed (ciphertext)

Let's say I have a text field somewhere (i.e. an interactive user submitted text field on a PHP script, or a console application. Basically anything that accepts user input.) How can I detect if said ...
128 views

### Security impact of signing small data using RSA

I have an application which consists of a client and a server. Both have a pair of public and private key (RSA). For communication, both sign their messages and send them to the other part. So a ...
301 views

### Is the GOST block cipher broken?

Is the GOST cipher broken or known to be weak and insecure? Please try to simplify your answer since I am a programmer and not a cryptographer and please consider this web page and tell me if the ...