# All Questions

502 views

### Encryption with private key?

we normally always encrypt by public key and decrypt with private key. If i encrypt with private key, then its still secure as normal PKI ? i mean known-plain-text will not take private key on the ...
323 views

### Vulnerabilities of encrypting data with known regularities

I need to encrypt data that has a pre-defined header and footer structure, and furthermore the data follows pre-defined patterns. The header and footer structure follow a defined structure but cannot ...
221 views

### Is there a way to compare the 923 bit pairing based key with RSA or AES, etc

I've see many articles, most of them basically the same, praising Fujitsu for cracking what is referred to as a 923 bit pairing based encryption. I understand that in comparing RSA to AES you've got ...
3k views

### In which order are the round keys used during AES decryption?

In the Add Round Key step in AES decryption, which part of the expanded key will I XOR first to the result of the SubBytes step? Is it the 10th round key? For example, is this the right order? ...
2k views

### AES-NI implementation examples

Newer Intel and AMD processors have hardware support for implementing AES using the instruction set AES-NI (instructions AESENC, AESKEYGENASSIST etc). Do you know of any clean example implementation ...
4k views

### Is AES restricted to only 64 characters for the key/password?

I am wondering if AES only supports 64 character passwords? When using truecrypt, the maximum character limit on passwords is 64 characters; however, when using WinRAR, the limit is 128 characters. ...
140 views

### McEliece for streaming data

Under the assumption that there exists a real-world implementation of the McEliece scheme, could it be applied to streaming data as is? By that I mean in 'block cipher mode'? I've read that McEliece ...
425 views

### Security analysis of a “one-time pad” type hill cipher

Suppose the Hill cipher were modified to something like a one-time pad cipher, where Alice wants to send a message to Bob, and she chooses a key matrix randomly everytime a new message is sent (and ...
206 views

### How can I store a combination of multiple pass phrases?

Let's assume we have 2 phrases, one is the real password from a user, and the other is generated from the real password and almost impossible to guess. You would need both to authenticate a user. What ...
165 views

### Is there a way to provide proof of batch RSA security?

Suppose we have two encrypted messages with two different public key issued from the one server. There is a client who wants to send these to messages to the server. In the middle there is an ...
110 views

### Is it possible to spoof an identity cert modulus?

I was looking at FOAF+SSL and wondering if its possible to spoof the modulus of the browser certificate so that the FOAF and browser certificate's modulus match?
958 views

### Where can I find Secp256k1 ECDSA test vectors?

I`m currently implementing an ECDSA library based on curves like secp256k1. I would like to test it using some test vectors, like ...
81 views

### Questions about a SHA3 cipher stream encryption scheme

I have written an encryption implementation using a hash as a cipherstream for demonstration purposes. I know it is slower than more sensible options such as AES but I am interested in several things, ...
94 views

### Block cipher not resistant to collisions

If we have the following block cipher, $E(k,m)$, which is a permutation, why is $f_2 (x,y)$ not collision resistant? $$f_2(x, y) = E(x, x \oplus y)$$
35 views

### Is the length limit of AES-GCM per key or per (key, nonce) pair?

AES-GCM has a limit on the length of the plaintext it encrypts: $2^{39} - 256$ bits. But is this limit per key or per (key, nonce)? That is, if I encrypt a message with the maximum length, and encrypt ...
79 views

### Is secure lattice based cryptography in future?

Lattice cryptography is a post quantum cryptography that work on two NP-hard problem in below: Find shortest nonzero vector from origin and Find minimum distance of a arbitrary point out of lattice ...
37 views

### Data Encryption Standard (DES) S-Boxes

I read that the S-boxes introduce the much needed nonlinear behavior to DES. Can someone give me a lay mans explanation of why the effect of the S-boxes is said to be non-linear?
128 views

### Authenticated Encryption of UDP packets

I am working on a UDP based file transfer protocol. Congestion Control, Resending of packages and other UDP challenges are dealt with - speedtests shows that the protocol is up to 10 times faster than ...
35 views

### Generalization of the DL-assumption in bilinear group pair

When thinking about a pairing-based cryptographic scheme, I encountered the following problem. Let $e \colon G_1, G_2 \to G_T$ be a Type 3 pairing. Then: Given $P, zP \in G_1$ and $Q, zQ \in G_2$, ...
62 views

### Elliptic Curve ElGamal and DSA - smooth group order and element of large prime order

In regular ElGamal and DSA, we choose large primes $p$ and $q$ such that $p\equiv 1\pmod{q}$, and a group element $g$ of order $q$ by computing $a^{(p-1)/q}$ for some random $a$. This is to prevent ...
56 views

### Which algorithm would be ideal for ephermal key generation followed by DH key exchange?

Bob and Alice, both generate a temporary public key pair each using X algorithm on their individual PC. After being authenticated by a third party, they use the DHE to come to get a common symmetric ...
72 views

### Does including the size of the hashed data improve security over just the hash

Trying to settle a discussion at work. We are mostly concerned with pre-image resistance. Suppose we have a common secure hash function $H$ (e.g. SHA-1/SHA-2) and some message $M$ we want to hash. ...
34 views

### How to prove secret value in Pedersen commitment is equal to secret value in Fujisaki commitment?

We have Pedersen commitment C to the secret value x, and Fujisake commitment C' to the secret value x. How can we make a zero-knowledge proof of equality for x value in the commitments?
52 views

### What is the difference between LCG and Affine cipher?

What is the difference between LCG and Affine cipher? More specific: What are they used for, and what are the structural differences between them?
64 views

### Cryptographic hash with ability to ignore specific bits based on a hidden pattern?

I'm looking to use password-style hashing to validate an environment, where some parts may be irrelevant. For example: ...
32 views

### Should I authenticate memory data which was loaded from authenticated disk file?

Encrypted fields are loaded from disk file to process memory only after file's HMAC validation is successful. Data is still encrypted in memory and will be decrypted later, on demand, when it needs to ...
61 views

### Find plaintext of RSA by solving extended euclidean algorith for two encrptions with two different exponents for same plaintext

This is my homework question (but I am not asking the answer to it): Suppose two users Alice and Bob have the same RSA modulus n and suppose that their encryption exponents eA and eB are ...
82 views

### Breaking a Modified Caesar Cipher

Does anyone know of an efficient way of breaking a modified Caesar cipher (where the key is a set of numbers (the amount of shift) that is repeated throughout the plaintext, e.g. {1,2,3,4,5}) via ...
55 views

### IV larger than block size of cipher?

Is there any advantage to using an IV larger than a cipher's block size? Say I'm using AES-256 in Galois Counter Mode (GCM). My file format looks like this: ...
142 views

### Encryption that can only be decrypted once?

I want to encrypt a message so that it can only be decrypted once. I know that we can use nonces to do this when we exchange data over a communication channel, but in my case the cipher text will be ...
121 views

### For a given PlainText-CipherText pair how many valid keys are there in AES?

For $PT\in \mathbb{M}$ and $CT\in \mathbb{C}$, let $\mathbb{F}=\{f|f:\mathbb{M}\rightarrow\mathbb{C}\}$ be the collection of all functions from $\mathbb{M}$ to $\mathbb{C}$. Then AES encryption under ...
47 views

### PublicKey Unknown Encoding

I have a public key: ...
155 views

### Public Key Encryption using ECDHE and AES-GCM

Using a text book example, Alice and Bob want to communicate securely using encrypted messages over an insecure channel (the Internet). Alice and Bob have decided to use ECDH (using ephemeral keys ...
45 views

### What is the most an adversary can do in the context of public key masquerading?

Suppose two parties A and B are using a public-key encryption scheme in order to communicate securely. A and B both have a public/private key pair: $$A: (P_A, S_A), B: (P_B, S_B)$$ and A already ...
66 views

### Collision likelihood from /dev/urandom for VMs using the same underlying hardware

We have multiple virtual machines sharing the same physical hardware. We use /dev/urandom for session key generation. But a question comes up: if ...
54 views

### Design for file transfers to a new party

I'm pondering a problem of how to enable transfers of files from clients to people that does not yet have an application/account/keys yet. Here's my current thought for Alice wanting to send Bob ...
49 views

### How to detect changes in data while preserving confidentiality (under constraints)?

Suppose party $A$ has two pieces of data, $X$ and $Y$, either of which may change separately, or they may change together. Given the following constraints: $A$ knows its current $X$ and $Y$ but has ...
211 views

### Given a linear block-cipher,how can an attacker decrypt any plaintext value encrypted,using 128 chosen ciphertexts

Given the linear block cipher $\operatorname{LinearCipher}(k, p) = c$ \operatorname{LinearCipher}(k, p_1 \oplus p_2) = \operatorname{LinearCipher}(k, p_1) \oplus \operatorname{LinearCipher}(k, ...
122 views

### Very short signatures? (eg: 48bits?)

Our application requires some 'mild' form of 'proof of origin' for the tokens we issue (~200 bytes), however, the value of each is trivial. The requirement is to provide 'tamper resistance' rather ...
40 views

### What is the notion of an interactive assumption?

In this paper: Sequential Aggregate Signatures with Short Public Keys: Design, Analysis and Implementation Studies the authors sell the paper as the first who propose Aggregate signatures without ...
113 views

### Wanted: Simple ring signature example

I spent all day trying to figure ring signature schemes out but apparently I wasted time. I read the original ring signature paper (Rivest's How to leak a secret). I'm having numerous problems. Let's ...
65 views

### Profile Complexity LFSR

I try to understand how Complexity of an LSFR calculated. For example I have a bit sequence 110101 and it's profile 1 1 2 2 3 3. Is there any easy way in order to produce the profile?
40 views

### Is it secure to use TOTP with same key and different time-counters?

If I use TOTP to generate codes with different "expiration" time, using the same key for HMAC, will I create some kind of weakness?
59 views

### Is it possible to add error propagation to OTP?

What would be the recipe to add error propagation to a one time pad? I.e. if I change a single letter in the clear text message, I want the encrypted message to change starting from that letter and up ...
51 views

### Is succinct verification of an arbitrary data transformation theoretically possible? Is it feasible? How?

Given input string S, and transformation (i.e. computer program) T, is it possible to provide a succinct proof that another binary string S' is identical to the output T(S)? By "succinct", I ...
113 views

### CPA and pseudorandom generator

Just started learning about Cryptography and Network Security in general, and I can't seem to grasp the understanding of the following question. Please correct me if I am misunderstanding anything. ...
73 views

### Reverse output of general Fibonacci LFSR

Suppose we have some Fibonacci LFSR, and it outputs some sequence. How to change starting LFSR so, that it outputs exactly same sequence, but in reverse order?
65 views

### Is Shoup's Practical Threshold Signatures considered secure?

I am planning to use threshold cryptography in a Java application. So far, I have only found ThresSig and a ECDSA implementation used in TwoFactorBtcWallet. However, ThresSig is based on a 15-years ...