# All Questions

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### If Blum Blum Shub is modified to use a prime modulus, is it still secure?

The definition of the Blum Blum Shub cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator is $x=x^2 \mod N$ where $N=p \times q$, $p \in \mathbb P$, and $q \in \mathbb P$. Supposedly, the security ...
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### Is the complexity of Caesar (shift) ciphers “n * n!”?

Can we say that any shift cipher to be decrypted needs an algorithm of complexity “n * n!”? (where n is number of possible ...
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### What is the importance of adding round key in AES

I know this may not be the place to ask this but I have found it difficult to find an answer to this question. I know the steps of the AES encryption algorithm but I am finding it difficult to ...
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### Is this key management scheme secure?

I'm designing a scheme for management of a small number of cryptographic keys (< 100 at any given time) and I had an idea: rather than storing all the keys, could I just store one master key and ...
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### How does partial key escrow work?

It is being speculated that one of the ways that NSA leaker Edward Snowden may have created his "insurance policy" – distributing sensitive documents to various individuals with instructions to ...
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### Is symmetric encryption no longer necessary?

Here is it: Symmetric encryption is no longer necessary, because all security services can be implemented with public-key cryptography. Moreover, in public key cryptography the operations for ...
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### Attacking multi block MAC constructions

For variable-length messages, there are three different ways to generate the tags. $Tag = MAC_k(\Sigma_i m_i)$. $t_i = MAC_k(m_i)$ and $Tag = (t_1, ..., t_l)$. $t_i = MAC_k(i||m_i)$ ...
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### Analogue encryption algorithms

I have a basic understanding of how strong encryption works on digital data. Bits can be changed so that they appear completely random and map one-to-one back to the original set, given the correct ...
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### Pseudorandom function library [closed]

I'm wondering if there is any library supporting pseudo-random function, so I can specify the key length and output domain. Is it correct that I need to use a block cipher for this purpose? Any ...
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### Why not just encrypt the message and the hash of the message to achieve cryptographic integrity? [duplicate]

I've always seen MACs as a way to provide integrity and authentication. You would just append it to some message in clear. But this is clearly not the case when you're doing Encrypt Then Mac. When ...
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### Diffie-Hellman Application

Alice and Bob want to perform a Diffie-Hellman key exchange using the group $G$, a primitive root $g$, Alice’s secret key $k_A$ and Bob’s secret key $k_B$. In each case below compute the element of ...
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### CBC-MAC: is it secure to authenticate a fixed length ciphertext?

Suppose I have a fixed-length arbitrary ciphertext. To authenticate such ciphertext: I generate a random AES Key $K_{auth}$. Then I compute the CBC-MAC Tag of the ciphertext with $K_{auth}$. ...
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### Security of SecRandomCopyBytes on OSX and iOS

How secure is SecRandomCopyBytes() (Apple's RNG)? Has anyone ever reviewed it?
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### Is the key deducible with AES CTR when we know about the plaintext, IV and the ciphertext? [duplicate]

Simply as stated, with AES running in CTR mode, can somebody work out the key (without brute-forcing) given we know about the plaintext, IV and also the ciphertext. Assuming we also know about the ...
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### Check if this cryptosystem is safe

Let $G$ be any group where group operations, as well as finding the inverse of an element, can be performed quickly, but the discrete log problem is difficult. Consider the following cryptosystem: ...
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### 3DES Modes EED orEDE?

Can we use EED with 2 keys (K1 K1 K3) rather than EDE (k1,k2,k1) ? We measure the strength of DES by the effort (in term of number of tries) in finding some K1 & K2 to match a known plaintext and ...
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### what is PFS game?

when i reading about this paper, in the Setup of SIM section 5.2, it says that "According to the definition of PFS game", i wonder what the definition of PFS game ...
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### Why does NaCL have different keys for signing and encryption?

I want to start using NaCL to sign messages that will go into a message queue, and I noticed that it generates different keys for each operation. Is there a reason for this? Can I not use the same PK ...
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