# All Questions

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Given is a system, which does provide only implementations of fast hash algorithms (MD5, SHA1, SHA-256, SHA-512). There is no implementation of PBKDF2, bcrypt or scrypt available. The system does ...
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### AES Mix Columns and Shift Rows

Why we use Mix Columns and Shift Rows in AES? FOr example, if i want implement an AES algorithm without Mix Columns and Shift Rows what is the difference in the ciphertext?
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### How do I store encrypted files on a web server and decrypt them locally?

I want to store files (images) on a public webserver and let users see them if they know a password. The server shouldn't have the unecrypted files and the server can only serve files, not perform ...
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### OTP - Why not reuse key? EDITED! [duplicate]

EDIT: REUSING KEY IS SECURE! OTP - Reusing key IS SECURE! PROVED! This might sound really dumb but why is it bad/insecure too use the same key twice on One-time-pad? Question: Why and how does using ...
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### Is $f\colon x\mapsto g(x+1)$ necessarily a pseudorandom function?

Let $l\in\mathbb N$ and suppose $$g\colon\;\{0,1\}^l\to\{0,1\}^l$$ is a pseudorandom function. Is $f$, defined as below, necessarily a pseudorandom function as well? $$f(x)=g((x+1)\bmod2^l)$$
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### Would a pictographic, phoneme-based, hand cipher be difficult to crack with computer crypt-analysis?

What I'm talking about is a hand cipher which uses phonemes instead of individual characters and pictograms instead of the usual shuffling/substitution methods (e.g Caesar, Solitare, Vignere). The ...
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### How to encrypt a vector $e\in Z^{m}$ using LWE

I have a vector $e \in Z^{m}$, now I want to encrypt it by using LWE (Learning With Errors). Because in LWE, we have to encrypt of a bit $\{0,1\}$. How can I encrypt a vector $e \in Z^{m}$? Thank you ...
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### Using a Secure RNG in Probabilistic Fair Exchange

I am attempting to implement probabilistic fair exchange described in Probabilistic Non-Repudiation without Trusted Third Party. A secures a message using AES with 512 bit keys (in my implementation)....
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### Why is this the inverse of a Enigma Machine rotor?

I am learning about how the Enigma Machine works and I found this example of one letter being encrypted by an Enigma Machine. It shows the letter "G" going through three rotors and then it goes into ...
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### What is the proper way to generate a fixed length key from a variable length password?

The password is entered by the user and the key is processed locally. Neither the password nor the key will be stored, only used and forgotten (but hopefully not by the user). Is SHA256 by itself ...
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### How much of Probability do I need to know to study Cryptography?

I have just started MSc in Computer Security. I didn't study probability before. Now, I have some short time to complete my MSc semester. What are the minimum topics from 'Probability' do I need to ...
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### Elliptic Curve Crypto, is a distributed signing method possible using Shamir's Secret Sharing?

Note: A distributed signature scheme exists for RSA: Practical Threshold Signatures, Victor Shoup. Is it possible to adapt such scheme for ECC? A centralized signing machine is vulnerable to ...
Suppose we have identification scheme as such: Bob takes random $r$, and encrypts it with Alices public RSA key $(n,e)$, sends $r^e$ to Alice. Alice decrypts $r$ and sends it back to Bob, becomes ...