# All Questions

2answers
166 views

### AES: Guess Password using the unencrypted text?

I am using the same password for some encrypted files currently (I know this is bad practice, though), and I wonder whether an attacker could decrypt if one decrypted file fell into his hands.
3answers
228 views

### Elliptic curve parameters

What's the meaning of 160 bit Curve in Elliptic curve ? or 192 or 224 or 256 and etc. And What is the standard for selecting this number of bit ? why they don't say 100 bit curve?
1answer
179 views

### Encrypted read-only message queue

I'm creating a prototype for a messaging queue with some custom logic (can't re-use any existing solution). One requirement is to have all messages encrypted. There are three classes of nodes ...
2answers
271 views

### Output of a Feistel network with all “0” round function

What is the output of an r-round Feistel network when the input is $(L_0, R_0)$ and each round function outputs all 0s, regardless of the input?
2answers
140 views

### Is there any existing cipher capable of scaling from a 1 bit key up to a one-time-pad?

We have ciphers that handle small amounts of entropy, such as a 256 bit key for AES; and we have one time pads for enciphering 1:1 entropy, such as a 1GB key for a 1GB file if you could ever harvest ...
1answer
261 views

### How to encrypt letters less than block n using Hill Cipher

I am learning about Hill Cipher and know that it is a block cipher where each block of n letters (considered as an $n$-component vector) is multiplied by an invertible $n \times n$ matrix, again ...
3answers
296 views

### Is it true the longer the key length is the more secure the encryption?

Then why don't we use xxxxxxx bits encryption? what stopping us from using a very lengthy key? I am referring to the encryption we use with SSL
1answer
194 views

### Is it safe to derive a password from a signature provided by ssh-agent?

I'd like to use a password-based system on a remote host (accessed via SSH) without having to copy-and-paste the password and without storing it on disk. Using the system with some other form of ...
1answer
175 views

### Key management protocol for end-to-end security on Advanced Metering Infrastructure

I am currently working on a research on end-to-end security implementation for Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Pardon me if I a bit off topic or not asking the right question as I am ...
1answer
77 views

### Can Diffie-Hellman be scaled up or force-multiplied?

I'm not too familiar with the math involved with the exchange of keys, I've read it over several times, but math isn't my strong point. My understanding is that smart people are hard at work to ...
2answers
186 views

### Are LFSRs enough for this?

Consider the following experiment: Let there be a machine which runs (ie. continually clocks) an LFSR of size (ie. number of bits) $b$, having a button that, when pressed, extracts the next $t$ ...
2answers
219 views

### Database row level encryption scheme

I am wanting to secure some highly sensitive data in a database. This would mean that the data needs to be encrypted and remain secure for 100 years if it were to fall into adversary hands. I also ...
1answer
161 views

### Generic group model: use of polynomials in the proof of the master theorem

I've been looking at the paper of Boneh, Boyen, Goh Hierarchical Identity Based Encryption with Constant Size Ciphertext which contains a general theorem (Theorem A.2) about the advantage of an ...
0answers
125 views

### Does NSS fully implement PKCS 11?

I am looking towards using NSS in a Linux application that makes use of a TPM (HSM). So, I am checking the support of PKCS 11 in NSS, at least for the management of Elliptic Curve keys, signature with ...
1answer
297 views

### How to calculate the entropy of passwords? [duplicate]

Here is a cartoon about password entropy. http://xkcd.com/936/ I dont quite understand how the entropy is calculated in the cartoon assuming they are calculate correctly. But in general, I dont have ...
1answer
92 views

### How to use the key from a Diffie Hellman exchange? [closed]

I watched a YouTube video about Diffie-Hellman called "Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange", and it said after doing some modulo operations with the public modulus and generator and the random private ...
2answers
240 views

### Adding tweak to a block cipher

I know there are XEX, XTS and other ways to add tweak to block cipher without modifying cipher itself. However they are quite slow and/or complex. If we assume we have a secure block cipher round ...
1answer
276 views

### Bouncy Castle and Salsa 20 [closed]

I want to use Salsa 20 in Java, so I downloaded Bouncy Castle, and... it makes no sense to me. I've got it working, but most of my choices were essentially random. But I can't see there anything ...
0answers
60 views

### Forward Secrecy with pseudorandom functions

Let $H_1$, $H_2$ be keyed hash functions (e.g. $H_i(x) = SHA_{256}(s_i||x)$ for pseudorandom $s_1$, $s_2$). Let $s_n = H_1^k(s_0)$, $k_n = H_2(s_n)$, where $s_0$ is a secret (pseudorandomly chosen ...
0answers
61 views

### online Vickrey auction using remote coin flip

Is there any published work on implementing a online auction, which uses "remote coin flip" to prevent auctioneer cheating when choosing winner and bid value? Is there any possible way to use remote ...
0answers
125 views

### How to compute the decompositions used in fast FHE bootstrapping?

Leo Ducas and Daniele Micciancio's recent paper "FHE Bootstrapping in less than a second" gave an exciting result that one can compute the `atom operation' of Fully Homomorphic Encryption (i.e. ...
1answer
118 views

### Is it possible to 'fake' time for TOTP? (Time-based One-time Password)

TOTP (Time-based One-Time Password) Algorithm is used in Two factor authentication. I understand the algorithm and that current time is used as a variable to generate a token. Wiki page for reference: ...
1answer
179 views

### Encrypt a Zip File with Caesar Cipher

I'm trying to understand, why the Filesize of a Caesar Cipher encrypted foo.txt.zip File is smaller than a Caesar cipher encrypted foo.txt File. For example: Foo.txt size: 90bytes foo.txt.Caesar.enc ...
1answer
286 views

### How can convert affine to Jacobian coordinates?

I have a point in affine coordinates: $(x,y)$. What should I do when I want to convert to $(X,Y,Z)$ in Jacobian coordinates? I need it for calculating ECC in a prime field.
1answer
818 views

### Where did the SHAKEs come from in SHA3?

Where did SHAKE128 and SHAKE256 originate from? I am trying to find them in the original Keccak documentation but can't find them. Is it some special mode of Keccak referenced in the documentation? ...
2answers
492 views

### How do RSA and ElGamal key sizes compare?

I have a rather silly question regarding the comparison of RSA with ElGamal over integers. If you want to compare their performance in the same level of security, does the modulus of both of them need ...
1answer
85 views

### SpongeWrap without padding and frame bit

Assuming all inputs are same length as rate except last can be shorter. Is it necessary to pad every input (not just last) to sponge for authenticated encryption to be secure? Is this just, because ...
1answer
311 views

### Is it possible to demonstrate that md5(x) != x for any x?

I am looking for an easy to follow explanation, if possible, that demonstrates/proves the validity (or not!) of this assertion: for any X, md5(X) != X (being X any string of 32 hex characters)
1answer
389 views

### Using C_Sign to create a PKCS7 signature

I am using the PKCS#11 function C_Sign to sign some data. The output I get is just a signature. How do I get it in PKCS#7 format - i.e. ASN1 with signature and certificate (for detached) or ASN1 with ...
1answer
587 views

### How does MD5 process text which is shorter than 512 bits

MD5 processes a 512-bit block and produces a 128-bit (16 byte) message digest often expressed as 32-digit hexadecimal value For example if I hash the word "how" using MD5 , I get the following hash ...
1answer
120 views

### Block Cipher Modes

I have a question here asking the following: Why do block ciphers need the use of blocking modes? To encrypt messages larger than the size of the block. To avoid having the same block ...
1answer
387 views

### Serpent 256bit key wrong round keys

Assume that we have this 256bit key: 15FC0D48 D7F8199C BE399183 4D96F327 10000000 00000000 00000000 On first 0-7 keys we can't apply formula wi=(wi-8 xor wi-5 xor wi-3 xor wi-1 xor phi xor ...
0answers
101 views

### Bit level permutation

Could anyone explain how secure is bit level permutation? What is the most serious threat against the security of this kind of cipher? Thank you
1answer
784 views

### Security analysis of Spritz?

Recently, a new cipher called Spritz has been released by Ronald L. Rivest and Jacob Schuldt. It should be a "drop-in replacement" for RC4. There are many differences to RC4, Spritz is "spongy" and ...
1answer
312 views

### Do Export Restrictions Still Apply To The Key Length of RC4?

I've just read a paper from 2004 which stated that the RC4 encryption algorithm was restricted to a 40 bit key size when exported from the USA; however the reference for this information (Applied ...
1answer
94 views

### Breaking RSA moduli

Let suppose that the sizes of factors $p$ and $q$ are $b$ bits. We construct two RSA numbers $n$, $n'$ of same sizes. Can we say that the duration to break these two numbers is two times the duration ...
1answer
416 views

### What is meaning of “Decipher the rest of the message by deducing additional words”?

I have an assignment in cryptography. I am not asking here answer, but meaning of question. This is a question : 2.4 The following ciphertext was generated using a simple substitution algorithm. ...
2answers
1k views

### Is .NET DESCryptoServiceProvider secure in this case?

I have the following piece of .NET code (see below). I know that DES is not quite secure, I saw that MSDN does not recommend using DES, only for compatibility with legacy programs. I also saw that ...
2answers
4k views

### How exactly does AES-NI work?

I am looking in to AES-NI which is now supported by many new CPU's and I have read a few papers which states that AES-CBC works faster with AES-NI, but I am unable to understand how exactly AES-NI ...
1answer
294 views

### How costly is to find millions of large prime numbers for RSA?

Consider I need to assign a large distinct prime number to each element in a large set. This must be deterministic so the function always gives me the same prime to the same value. What is the most ...
1answer
194 views

### RFC3447 OBJECT IDENTIFIER semantic

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#appendix-B.1 ...
0answers
366 views

### how to find key matrix in hill cipher

I want to solve this problem but there are 3 known plaintext-ciphertext pairs. The key of Hill cipher is a 3*3 matrix as k=[k1,k2,3; k4,k5,k6; k7,k8,k9] where the unknown ...
2answers
326 views

### Do I need an IV to use AES-CTR as a CSPRNG?

I'm using AES128-CTR for generating pseudo-random values, which is considered secure for up to 1MB (at least from what I've read). I simply encrypt a 128-bit little-endian counter, starting from 0. ...
1answer
194 views

### Weak key schedule IDEA [closed]

Why was such a weak key schedule chosen for IDEA? The key schedule of IDEA works like this: Divide the key (128 bit) into 8 round keys, each 16 bit long. This are the first 8 "round" keys (6 keys per ...
0answers
98 views

### side channel attacks on AES

Say you have a web application that's performing AES encryption. What sorts of side channel attacks should one keep an eye out for? Timing attacks affect RSA more than symmetric ciphers in-so-far as ...
1answer
87 views

### Can adding nonces make challenge response authentications weaker?

In a custom protocol we want to replace an aged tiger32 based challenge response authentication. I suggested that we use something existing, so threw HMAC into the room. As per wikipedia it works as: ...
1answer
122 views

### FEAL-4 Fk Function 4 Rounds

As I understood in FEAL-4 it needs 4 pair of round keys. Which means that we need to launch Fk function 4 times. My problem occurs starting the 2nd round. At the first round we have the original 64 ...
3answers
203 views

### Linear transformation proof

Ok, so I have this question and I honestly have no idea how to prove it. I know that the function is linear and I know it works for every possible combination, I just don't know how to prove it in an ...
1answer
159 views

### Session based AES with random key and static salt

I'm currently using aes to encrypt/decrypt messages to and from a web service. When the user establishes a session he sends a random generated secret via rsa public key. This secret is used to ...
3answers
248 views

### Does this guarantee a unique 32 bit Hash?

I came across some source code that loosely does the below in order to achieve a 32 bit hash. The input string is passed through MD5 to get 16 bytes Hash (as usual). Then the 16 bytes are split into ...

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