All Questions

76 views

How to select parameters based on some condition

I am implementing a protocol for authentication where parameters need to be selected with $gcd(\mu,\phi)=1$ where $\phi=(p−1)(q−1)$. What is the best way to select the parameters while implementing
2k views

Why xor is a linear operation but ordinary adding is not

I'm new in cryptography and try to read some articles in this field. Many of these articles talk about non-linear S-boxes, and nothing more on what they mean by their non-linearity. I have a simple ...
121 views

Has a Two Key TDES encryption ever been successfully attacked?

Is there any known instance of a Two Key TDES ever being successfully attacked (in real life), when the key is used to encrypt less than $2^{20}$ words?
91 views

Consider that you stumble upon 5 different AES output strings. One of these strings can be decrypted with a secret phrase, the other four strings are based on the real string but have had random parts ...
5k views

What characters does AES output?

From what I understand after testing the Crypto-JS file here: http://crypto-js.googlecode.com/svn/tags/3.1.2/build/rollups/aes.js AES creates encrypted strings that contained letters, both ...
3k views

Why does OpenSSL append extra bytes when encrypting with aes-128-ecb?

Plaintext: Attack at dawn!! Hex: 41747461636b206174206461776e2121 Key: ...
83 views

Using HMAC to secure a “widget”

Let's say I have a web "widget" that a customer could include on their website. They would include the widget by adding an iframe that points to a URL on my site. I want to ensure that my widget can ...
252 views

How to attack this authentication protocol from “Cryptography: An introduction”

Consider the following protocol (from the book "Cryptography: An introduction", by Nigel Smart): ...
278 views

What is 'Carry-forward verification' defense against MITM?

Wikipedia article on Man-in-the-middle attack mentions, in the list of defenses against it, some method called "Carry-forward verification", but it does not explain it. I am curious about different ...
112 views

Proof of shared secret through key derivation

Alice gives a random key $K$ (e.g. 32 bytes long) to Bob through a secure channel. Bob want to prove to Alice through an unsecured channel that he knows the key. Is it secure for Bob to send ...
134 views

As the full version of HMQV is very long, I will give a graph of it below \begin{array}{@{}l@{}c@{}l@{}} \hat{A} && \hat{B} \\ (a,A=g^a)&&(b,B=g^b) \\ x\in_R[1,q-1],\quad X=g^x ...
367 views

EC ElGamal versus static+ephemeral ECDH

A client application needs to encrypt a UDP datagram for a server with known EC public key $P$. Performing a full ECDH key exchange would defeat the benefit of using UDP as a connectionless protocol. ...
143 views

Security Level Estimate when Cascading/Compositing Ciphers?

Way back when, DES had a theoretical security level 56-bits. 2-key TDEA provides about 80-bits of security, and 3-key TDEA provides about 112-bits of security. Obviously, those security levels are not ...
149 views

Does the key schedule function need to be a one-way function?

For some key schedule $e_n(e_{n-1}(k))$ (where $e_{n-1}(k)$ is the result of the previous round) , does $e$ need to be a one-way function? In the case of DES or Rijndael the key schedule doesn't ...
184 views

Off-the-record communication

Is my protocol correct? For fun, I tried to design a protocol that would allow off-the-record communication. I'm not sure it works, I have a feeling there might be a problem with it that I'm not ...
251 views

How to prove that a ciphertext is encrypting multiplication of two values?

Zero-knowledge proofs with soundness, completness and zero-knowledge enable a prover to convince a verifier that a witness validates successfully a predicate without giving any information about the ...
334 views

CDH problem and Square-DH problem

CDH problem roughly says that choose $U=g^u, V=g^v$ uniformly at random from cyclic group $G$, it's hard to compute $CDH(U,V)=g^{uv}$. Square-DH problem roughly says choose $U=g^u$ uniformly at ...
309 views

Why is time-lapse cryptography not popular?

Time-Lapse Cryptography has been introduced by Michael Rabin and Christopher Thorpe in the paper “Time-Lapse Cryptography”, but it does not seems to be popular. It is a really good paper with an great ...
282 views

Digital identification using steganography, can it be broken?

Digital identification using steganography, can it be broken? I have read a few articles saying that using an I.D. embedded in video, audio, etc can help track down the origin of a copyright ...
1k views

Good entropy source for generating openssl keys

I need to generate a CA (4096-bit RSA) and server keys for openvpn and I want them to be "top quality". Here is my plan: gather entropy from multiple sources (saving individual files): FreeBSD ...
485 views

Why do these Python XTEA implementations require different deltas?

I once needed to an XTEA snippet to from C++ to Python and it did not work properly. I then found a function on ActiveState.com and noticed that it looks almost exactly like mine, with one exception - ...
181 views

127 views

Calculate entropy of key derived from PBKF2 function

I am using PBKF2 to derive a encryption key from a password. suppose entropy of my password is y and my PBKF2 function has x number of iterations. So how to calculate the entropy of finale key derived ...
309 views

Is SSL broken? If so, what can I do about it? [closed]

But recently, with the scandals about the (in)filtrations, I read that the NSA (and of course others, but I'm not particularly worried about NSA) is able to break SSL and track your data. It is true? ...
496 views

Guessing encryption algorithm based on key and ciphertext

Is it possible to tell which encryption algorithm was used, assuming I have a key and a encrypted text? To not complicate the situation let assume we are speaking about symmetric algorithms only. ...
1k views

How to perform authentication without central server in P2P?

How can one be sure that the man who you're talking with is the one who you think he is? i.e. How can one perform authentication in P2P network without a central trust server or Certificate Authority? ...