# All Questions

47 views

### Encryption in which ciphertext is bigger than plaintext?

Is there an encryption which would produce a ciphertext longer than the plaintext? (please ignore block-chaining IV stuff, which would result in a data being generated from the plaintext). The point ...
79 views

### Opinion on my idea for storing credit cards securely

I've been thinking of ways to store credit cards securely, I thought of this: Take the users credit card info Put the card info in a standard format "Full Name/Card Num/Security Num/Expiry ...
45 views

### Multi-round Transposition/Playfair as a secure hand cipher in the computer age

Given that computers can be easily compromised, there is a need for a hand cipher that can withstand computer attack. Clearly the traditional hand ciphers fail. One time pads work. They also have ...
32 views

### How good is middle cube method with jumbled digits?

I had to make my own prng for a stream cipher for an inter school science project (I am mentioning that a lot). So I thought of cubing the seed instead of squaring it (like in the middle square ...
148 views

### Brute Force AES Calculations

I have an encryption service in which the user decides the length and the type of key, so I would like to build a tool that educates the user on the brute force times for the key they created if using ...
106 views

### How represent message in Menezes–Vanstone elliptic curve cryptography

I ask about represent message in Menezes–Vanstone elliptic curve cryptography I now encrypt function as follow $C_1 = (M_1 * K_1) mod\ P$ $C_2=(M2 * k_2) mod\ P$ My question is about how much the ...
51 views

### Type of cipher used where ciphertext has no discernible pattern, spaces. Type?

What type of cipher could give ciphertext where for example random ASCII chars between say F-z (symbols and numerals inclusive), but with only a few spaces? Frequency of chars shows some similarities ...
207 views

### RSA Decryption given n, e, and phi(n)

my cryptography professor gave us this problem for extra credit a while back and I attempted it but I didn't get it correct. I have gone back to it, but I'm even more lost now than I was the first ...
67 views

### Why is it hard to calculate Logarithm on Diffie Hellman?

i read something about Diffie Hellman. What i don't understand: Alice selects a randomly generated Number, calculates X = g^x mod p and sends X to Bob. If she calculates g^x, she needs to calcluate ...
43 views

### DLOG in $\mathbb{F}_{p^n}^*$?

Assume that we are given an element $g\in \mathbb{F}_{p^n}^*$ and $g$ does not belong to any of the smaller subfields contained in $\mathbb{F}_{p^n}$. If the degree of $g$ is some number $q$, how much ...
91 views

### About the Algebraic Normal Form (ANF) of S-Box in DES

I've thought up a way to represent the transformation of S-Box in DES by ANF. Let $x_i\;(1\le i\le 6)$ be the input of an S-Box, $y_i\;(1\le i\le 4)$ be the output, for example, then y_1= 1\oplus ...
42 views

### Infer encoding mechanism from $n$-grams distance?

I have a series of obfuscated strings which across the set of strings have regions of high variance and regions of low variance – implying some encoding mechanism as opposed to an encryption procedure ...
88 views

### To prove $r_2$ is a uniformly at random value in $Z_n$, where $r_2=r_1 . m$

$m$ is arbitrary value in $Z_n$, where n is RSA modulo. Then we do: $r_2=r_1 . m (modn)$, where $r_1$ is a random value such that $r_1\in Z^*_n$. ** Question(1): is $r_2$ a uniformly at random ...
68 views

### Does the transposition cipher have a network application?

So I'm reading a chapter in my networking book and it talks about substitution and transposition ciphers (Transposition Cipher Wikipedia). I know that most network security uses public key or ...
73 views

### Does NSS fully implement PKCS 11?

I am looking towards using NSS in a Linux application that makes use of a TPM (HSM). So, I am checking the support of PKCS 11 in NSS, at least for the management of Elliptic Curve keys, signature with ...
139 views

### Serpent Cipher 128bits (Example rounds on any plaintext/key)

Is there are any possibility to see trace(example) of Serpent Encryption/Decryption on concrete plaintext/key example, (not code implementation) or at least animation of steps. During reading of ...
110 views

### Linear transformation proof

Ok, so I have this question and I honestly have no idea how to prove it. I know that the function is linear and I know it works for every possible combination, I just don't know how to prove it in an ...
84 views

### What does “nonlinear mapping” mean?

Page 15 of the Keccak reference (PDF) explains that the $Chi$ step mapping of the Keccak-f permutation in Keccak is defined to be “nonlinear mapping”. Without this, the complete permutation would be ...
46 views

### FEAL-4 Wrong outputs of Round Functions

On page 2 of this article, there is example of FEAL-4. At round 2, the input to F (Round Function) is 0x80800000. As F accepts only 4 bytes I divide the input by 2 so that (As I assume the result ...
81 views

### Which mathematical operations does secp256k1 point multiplication use?

To convert a bitcoin private key to a public key, the secp256k1 point multiplication math is used. Could I – theoretically – convert a private key to a public key just using the four arithmetic ...
44 views

### Need to choose an ecnryption method [closed]

I've got an homework to implement an encryption algorithm (I can choose what), now we didn't learn about encryptions yet, I guess you can call it pre-class homework or something, I know what is ...
53 views

### Are there any obvious techncial faults in F. Ruiz's 2013 URSA javascript cryptography? [closed]

The link to the cryptography is here: http://prgomez.com/ursa/ I have found the following simple javascript system of encryption/decryption portable and easy to use for emails and messaging sites, ...
111 views

### What is the (uncompressed) x,y-representation of a curve point on the P-256 NIST elliptic curve?

I am trying to understand the FIDO U2F Raw Message Format, especially the format in which a user public key should be provided. The documentation says the following: A user public key [65 bytes]. ...
57 views

### Forward pseudorandom permutation [closed]

Please consider the following scenario: The user A and B use their keys, K1 and K2 respectively. Each client have a vector of elements. Each client separately permutes his vector using his key and ...
35 views

### Plaintext-aware encryption for symmetric schemes?

The notion of plaintext-awareness is well-known for asymmetric encryption, but the notion seems to make sense for symmetric encryption as well. Is this a known concept?
57 views

### exchanging private key between service and iPhone app - digital signing

I need to do digital signing of my request data which will be sent to the server. My server sends distinct private keys to her clients after authentication and expects all responses to be digitally ...
69 views

### Does Ciphertext policy ABE support search operation on encrypted data

Basically CP-ABE (or attribute based encryption) allows end-users to encrypt the data with desired access control structure. I was investigating the how to do keyword-search on encrypted data given ...
89 views

### Is it possible (how difficult) to find MORE than one valid RSA signature?

Is it possible (how difficult) to find more than one valid RSA signatures for a given message m (after padded) and a public key ...
64 views

### Encryption with data loss protection [closed]

Is there an existing format out there that not only encrypts data but also protects against loss of data much like the QR codes can lose up to 33% of it's bits and the message is still recoverable. I ...
86 views

### Engima machine decoding with PC and GPU

I saw this answer at this site about decoding a 3-rotor Engima machine's settings: How cryptographically secure was the original WW2 Enigma machine, from a modern viewpoint? And did some math for ...
175 views

### Understanding the FMS attack on WEP

I am trying to implement the Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir attack, one of the ways to break WEP. I seem to have hit on a problem. I have no idea whether or not it is a programming error, or if I don't ...
222 views

### Chi-Squared Step of Vigenere Cipher Decryption

So, I have been assigned an assignment where I had to solve a Vigenere cipher. Following along with this webpage I managed to get all the way to the chi-squared step. But, that is the problem. Upon ...
126 views

### What does “G2” mean when used with X509 certficates and certificate authorities?

For example "Google Internet Authority G2"?. I thought it was another way of specifying Class 2 (for organizations, for which proof of identity is required) but then see certificates such as "VeriSign ...
77 views

### Privacy-Preserving Protocols and Proofs of Security

While dabbling in privacy-preserving protocols (mainly using Semi-Homomorphic Encryption) and coming up with miscellaneous ideas for comparison tests or other similar primitives, based on obfuscation ...
170 views

### DES S-Box properties

Two of the properties that lead to the design of DES S-Boxes are: 1)For any non-zero 6-bit difference between inputs, no more than 8 of the 32 pairs of inputs exhibiting that difference may result ...
245 views

### Elliptic curves in java

I am writing you because I want to implement the DPS signature with elliptic curves in Java. I found this library http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/security/spec/package-summary.html which ...
35 views

### ECIES: Purpose of optional shared information?

According to Wikipedia the ECIES algorithm has two optional shared information $S_1$ and $S_2$. They are used as follows: Generate a random shared secret $Z$ according to ECIES, which will never be ...
36 views

### What is the restriction on k, for the kth composite residuosity problem to be hard

This paper considers the exponent to be an odd integer. When k = 2, it is called the quadratic residuosity problem (mod n where n is composite) which is hard and can be solved if the factorization of ...
113 views

### Complexity of verifying OTP secret

What is the minimum number of unique pairs of digests and inputs to a one-time pass needed to verify that a secret is equal to a ...
75 views

### Are partial hashes used in cryptographic protocols?

In my question (and answer) about a partial hash code used within a signature application I found out that partial hash codes are sometimes used within protocols with a relatively restricted security ...
182 views

### practically verifying block ciphers strength [closed]

How do we verify practically the strength of a block ciphers? Most of the security analysis of block ciphers is usually around theoretical analysis and proofs in some random oracle model etc. For ...
66 views

### How to distribute symmetric key between $n$ entities?

If there are $n$ servers for broadcasting a symmetric key in such a manner that following holds: No server alone can find the key $K$ alone. Any two servers can pass $k_i$ and $k_j$ such that ...
85 views

### Type G Bilinear Pairings

I was reading PBC and its implementations for finding pairing parameters. I am particularly interested in implementing a BLS signature scheme with 20-byte (160-bit) signatures ("short signatures"). ...
66 views

### Groth-Sahai proofs and hardness assumptions

I am learning Groth-Sahai NIZK proof system for Bilinear groups. While going through the literature, I am getting confused on how the proof system is related to Subspace Decision, SXDH or DLIN ...
87 views

### ECC cryptography with shorter signature when not needing high security?

I am new here and fairly new to cryptography, so if I say something wrong, let me know. I am trying to set up a system where a user can receive a temporary license key over the phone, put it into ...
58 views

### IND-CCA2 secure schemes without Plaintext Awareness?

I have been reading up on IND-CCA2 security and was wondering: Are there efficient IND-CCA2 secure schemes that do not require plaintext awareness? I'm guessing yes - could someone point me to these ...
103 views

### Hardware Implementation of Pairing over BN curves

I am in the middle of FPGA based Hardware architecture design for the computation of Pairing (particularly R-ate Pairing) over BN curves. Where, the point addition, and point doubling should be ...
62 views

### Algebraic Normal Form Piccolo

I'm trying to verify the claim of paper Improved Algebraic Fault Analysis: A Case Study on Piccolo and with Applications to other Lightweight Block Ciphers about the numbers of equations in algebraic ...
Scenario: I have to protect the integrity of some files that will be exchanged between entities $A$, $B$, $C$. Entity $A$ creates the file (e.g. configuration) and sends it to $B$ and $C$. Entities ...