# All Questions

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### AES Affine Transformation Polynom Representation

I have been reading on the polynomial representation of the AES Sbox in the PDF “Essential Algebraic Structure Within the AES” by Murphy and Robshaw (www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/~sean/crypto.pdf) on page 7, ...
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### Equal length of primes in paillier cryptosystem

In the key generation step of paillier cryptosystem , In order to satisfy $\gcd(pq,(p-1)(q-1))=1$ , we can take equal length primes. Instead of taking(length as parameter to generate $p,q$) equal ...
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### How often do I need to rotate AES 256 keys

I'm trying to design a protocol for a resource constrained environment. The device has to communicate with a server through an insecure node. My plan is to use AES 256 end to end for all ...
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### Why is Rijndael key length restricted?

Why is Rijndael restricted to key length in {128, 160, 192, 224, 256} bits (and not larger)? The algorithm looks to me like it would support an arbitrary-sized key (multiple of 32). The rounds ...
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### ECIES: Purpose of MAC?

Assumptions: $A$ wants to communicate with $B$ $A$ knows a public key $P_B$ which is trusted by a third party and belongs to $B$ $A$ knows the address of someone who pretends to be $B$ $A$ wants ...
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### Privacy-Preserving relational databases: checking the existence of a record (or multiple records)

I would like to know if there exists a protocol which performs the following operation in a privacy-preserving fashion: User $U$ wants to know whether a record is stored in the database. The primary ...
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### Comparing Difference Distribution Tables

I have been studying the Diff. Cryptanalysis and finding it hard to do a problem. The problem is I have calculated the tables programmatically and found that the second table has a max value of 6 ...
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### EAX: OMAC and CMAC

OMAC is specified as the underlying algorithm to provide authentication within the EAX authenticated encryption (with associated data). Would that be OMAC1 or OMAC2? If it is OMAC1, does that mean it ...
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### PBKDF2-SHA512 - Does a Big Salt Decrease Security?

I use PBKDF2-SHA512 with an iteration count of 128,000 to hash my passwords. I use a CSPRNG to generate a salt per password. However, I am unsure about the ideal size of the salt. I have read a lot of ...
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### order of elliptic curve divisible by prime

Why order "u" of an elliptic curve "E" defined over a finite field "GF (q)" (u = | E / GF (q) |) must be divisible by a large prime number r to be appropriate for cryptographic purposes?
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### Problem with anonymously merging information from distributed sources

Some Background: There is an entity with an identifier and some information. The identifier of this entity is a string with a known scheme/pattern(Which means the total number of such possible ...
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### weaknesses in ElGamal with public key of small order

Suppose $p=29$, $\alpha = 2 \in F_p^*$ is a generator of $F_p^*$. Bob picks $d \in \{2,...,27\}$ such that $\beta = \alpha ^d=28 \pmod{29}$. He then sends his $(p,\alpha ,\beta)$ to Alice who herself ...
733 views

### Complement property of DES

I'm supposed to show the complement property of DES ($c=DES(p,k) => \bar c = DES(\bar p, \bar k)$). My idea was to just start the algorithm with $\bar p$ and see what happens (ignoring the initial ...
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### Common password derivation function for different encryption methods

I'm writing a simple encryption/decryption library which has the following requirements: For key derivation functions, support: $SHA256 \rightarrow bcrypt$ (since $bcrypt$ limits input passphrase ...
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### Prefix property for variable length pseudo-random generators

I'm currently working through Katz & Lindell's Introduction to Modern Cryptography. In section 3.4.2, they introduce the definition of a variable output-length pseudorandom generator $G$. The ...
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### Knapsack Public to Private (Superincreasing knapsack)

I need to convert a hard knapsack to a superincreasing knapsack. I have these superincreasing values (3,6,11,22,43,87). I also have w = 7 and n = 173. I converted the superincreasing values to hard ...
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### Ed25519 with R replaced by H(RAM)?

Ed25519 signatures consist of $(R, s)$, where $s = r + H(RAM)a$ $mod$ $l$, and $R = rB$. This differs from the Schnorr signature where instead of $R$, the signature contains the hash $h=H(RAM)$. ...
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### Building a stream-cipher out of a hash function?

I've already read this: Is it feasible to build a stream cipher from a cryptographic hash function? However, my proposed construction differs… Suppose the hash generates N bits. These bits are split ...
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### Send a symmetric key generated by one user to other users (more than two) using a server

I am developing a software in which I am using AES for encrypting messages shared in a group. The key is generated by one user, the admin of the group and needs to be shared with other members. How ...
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### Value of “counter” when decrypting AES in CTR mode?

If – when using AES in CTR mode – you decide to use the setup where you combine the IV and the block count value into a single value, as suggested here, the first 12 bytes are your IV and the last 4 ...
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### Low level explanation of how a message is sent via RSA

I understand that RSA encryption uses this formula: C = M^e (mod N) public key is e and N N is pq - p and q are private key. mod N makes above function one-way ...
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### Key exchange if forward secrecy is not an issue

Let's say that we have a cryptosystem where Forward Secrecy and Man-In-The-Middle attacks are not an issue, purely hypothetically. Would it be correct for a key exchange with any given public-key ...
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### Encrypt HDD with keyfile and password and allow backing up the keyfile with secret sharing

I want to: Encrypt my whole HDD with a keyfile and a password (meaning that both are required to decrypt it), Be able to back up pieces of the keyfile in several distant locations using Secret ...
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### DH key exchange with only one end authenticated

We know there is a man in the middle vulnerability with unauthenticated DH key establishment. And the way to negate that is to use authenticate the keys used. But what if I only verify the signature ...
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### Symmetry between a public and a private key

I know that the private and public key in assymetric cryptography are different and the public is used for encryption while the private for decryption. My question is if they are symmetrical to each ...
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### Can N, q be shared for multiple users when using SRP-6A

Is it considered bad practice to use the same N and q parameters for all users in an SRP-6A based authentication system? I know that q MUST be a Sophie Germain prime and N a safe prime, but can they ...
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### Is there an anonymous non-interactive authorisation scheme with peer-side auth. signature generation?

I implemented a pseudonymous PKI scheme (by K. Zeng @Springer Link), where all peers can change their public keys including its signature on their own. I am looking for a way to extend it with some ...
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### Why Distance-128 relation in Plain texts is reflected in Cipher texts

The two text having relation as "\x10\x11" → "\x90\x91" (80+10) will have relation after encryption/decryption also in RC4. Following code clearly describes the problem I am mentioning. ...
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### Question about dual system encryption

Recently, I have been reading some dual system encryption papers. In these systems, is the adversary able to generate “semi-functional ciphertexts”?