# All Questions

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### sha1 collision resistance

Im researching on the sha1 algorithm and looking for reasons why it has fallen prey to differential cryptanalysis. I have read the research papers by merc stevens and wang both of which describe how ...
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### Authenticating Very Short (Sub-Block) Data

If I'm encrypting very short/small data - like an int or a long (32 or 64 bits), does it make any sense to authenticate the ciphertext, when using an "online" mode of operation (like EAX)? ...
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### VKO GOST R 34.10-2001 (described in RFC4357), Key Agreement Algorithm. Looking for its implementation/detailed description/examples

VKO GOST R 34.10-2001 was described in RFC4357 Page 7 But the description is very poor. Here it is: This algorithm creates a key encryption key (KEK) using 64 bit UKM, the sender's private key, ...
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### Is there any definition for “generic attack” in context of cryptography or more specific “hash functions”?

I'm searching a definition of "generic attack" in context of cryptography or more specific in context of "hash functions". I searched some books and the web but I did not found any definition for it ...
205 views

### Security proofs for CBC mode

I'm looking for different approaches to proofs for the security of CBC mode encryption. What are the best sources of information about this subject?
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### Is it feasible to use combination of ABE schemes for encrypting the data

I have a peculiar requirement for preserving the shared log files. For example I have 1000 records which belong to different organizations as listed below and all teh logs are present in a single CSV ...
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### how much will it cost me to encrpt apps and website? [on hold]

gentlemen,I have a question. am planning to make a website an two Apps for android and Iphone and I want to make its encryption very strong. I don't know how much it may cost me and how to do it. is ...
85 views

### Point addition equation in projective co ordinates

How can I get point addition equation for elliptic curves in projective co ordinate system? Can I get it by changing $$x = X/Z$$ and $$y =Y/Z$$ in the equation for affine co ordinates' group law? ...
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### Question about the security of Substitution-Permutation Network

In general, we execute key-mixing, substitution and permutation sequentially in a single round in a n-round SPN, but if we execute n-round key-mixing firstly, n-round substitution secondly and n-round ...
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### Is appending the hash of the plaintext to the end of an encrypted message sufficient to ensure integrity? [duplicate]

Is appending the hash of the plaintext to the end of an encrypted message sufficient to ensure integrity? My reasoning is that the attacker doesn't know all the plaintext, so by having a hash, the ...
428 views

### How do institutions like banks do RSA with big primes?

When encrypting with RSA it is often infeasible to decrypt by just doing c^d mod n, because for example when using the primes $(p,q)=(12553,1233)$, which are small ...
1k views

### What is the length of an RSA signature?

Is it the same as the bits of the key (So a 2048 bit system will yield a 2048 bit signature)? At most as the key? Or something else entirely?
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### fuzzy commitment implemenation to make secure biometric template

I want implement some ideas from an article that is about making secure biometric templates using fuzzy commitment and fuzzy vault. I need to implement just the fuzzy commitment (fuzzy commitment is a ...
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### Finding algorithm: desire RSA's uniqueness and ECDSA's space efficiency

I am asking for help in finding a signature algorithm with the following property: Given a message m and a private key prikey, ...
52 views

### Understanding Pseudo Random Generators

I've been taking a crypto course online. I have a good idea how PRG's and Stream Ciphers work, but I'd love to get some input to help visualize what is actually happening. I understand a seed is used, ...
58 views

### What is the technical name for a public key container in DER format?

I have a public key in the following (format-neutral; the type is specified by the DER bytes) format: ...
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### GCM: Math behind update of AAD after ciphertext has been processed

In the Bouncy Castle libraries, the GCM cipher implementation has an interesting property that does not seem described in the GCM papers (neither the NIST or the original paper): Some AAD was sent ...
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### Encryption with data loss protection

Is there an existing format out there that not only encrypts data but also protects against loss of data much like the QR codes can lose up to 33% of it's bits and the message is still recoverable. I ...
87 views

### On the privacy of perfect hash functions

I'm digging into the several algorithms for building (Minimal) Perfect Hash Functions. It seems that the recent works provide quite a few very efficient algorithms. However, I'm wondering how a ...
58 views

### Pollard's Rho - Constructing the random function

Suppose we are aiming to solve the discrete logarithm problem $\alpha^x=\beta$ in some cyclic group $G=<\alpha>$. Then we are looking for a (uniformly) random sequence of elements of the form ...
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### Ciphertext-only cyptanalytic attack agianst the affine cipher? [duplicate]

Can you think of a ciphertext-only cyptanalytic attack agianst the affine cipher? Please explain step by step how it would work if possible.
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### Efficient AES - Use of T-tables

I'm really in trouble! I'm trying to understand how the T-tables in AES encryption work. But I don't know if I get the point. What I understood is that they are used to reduce the whole computation of ...
40 views

### Scalar multiplication of elliptic curve point by a fraction

I'm implementing an algorithm that works on a generic finite cyclic group written in the classic multiplicative notation: (G,*) = < g > , n = |g| At a ...
81 views

### Shannon confusion and diffusion concept

I read the document(not the whole document) from Shannon where he speaks about the concepts of confusion and diffusion. I read in many places(not in the document but around the internet) that ...
131 views

### Why does a perfect secrecy can be achieved when decryption correctness is not totally required?

By Shanon theorem, a perfect secrecy encryption scheme must use a key space of equal size as the message space. But when the correctness requirement is weakened such that $Pr[Dec_k(Enc_k(m))=m]=1/2$ ...
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### How to calculate kinv from the given k value

I am implementing an ECDSA NIST test vectors verification application. The test vectors are taken from http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cavp/#09. One of the test vectors is given below: ...
52 views

### Does OpenTSA support PKCS11 to talk to HSMs?

We are planning to implement the time-stamping service (RFC 3161) using OpenTSA wanted to know: Does OpenTSA support PKCS-11 (Cryptoki) to talk to HSMs? BTW: I did not find documentation or much ...
6k views

### Recommended skills for a job in cryptology [on hold]

First let me apologize if this is an ill posed question. Let me also note that I do not in any way seek a comprehensive answer, simply your thoughts on what makes for a valuable asset to a company ...
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### Using the same IV instead of random for CTR mode? [duplicate]

Why is it a bad idea to use the same IV instead of random one for CTR mode?
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### Feasibility of finding public key when private key is known

We all know that in a public key cryptosystem, given a public key it is extremely hard to compute private key from it. Is it the same case in reverse? Given a private key, how easy is it to compute ...
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### Calculating cost of variables and equation in Groth-Sahai (DLIN) proof system

In Groth-Sahai proof system under DLIN assumption [Page 29], they have provided a few number denoting the cost of each variable and equation. Can anyone please explain how did they calculated the ...
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### Discrepancy between RSA implementations [migrated]

I'm not a crypto-guy so I know close-to-zero about these things. I must interoperate with a system using RSA cryptography. When using their keys, I'm running into the problem of getting different ...
43 views

### Definition of perfect secrecy using ciphertext

This week my professor in class taught us the definition of perfect secrecy. He said that for any ciphertext the probability that it might have come from any message in the message space should be ...
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### Implementing a web app where the server cannot decrypt its own data?

I'm a cryptography novice, but I think that the world needs to move towards an "encrypt everything" mentality as much as possible. As a result, I've been thinking a lot about ways to build a web app ...
142 views

The common way to store passwords in web applications is this form: $$hash(password||salt)$$ Does it make sense to store them in the following form instead:? ...
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### How hard to break a cipher if it has a different key for each word?

Recently I watched the movie 'The Prestige' again but this time the cipher diary impressed me very well. I like to create my own cipher for my diary because I have some time to kill everyday after ...
160 views

### Regarding Key Strength with DES and Blowfish

I had a small discussion with my friend on combining two encryption algorithms based on 64-bit keys. Say I have a plain text of 64 bits which I want to encrypt. My Key size is 128 bits. I will use ...
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### Will I be able to (ab)use a FIDO U2F compliant hardware token to decrypt data?

I have heard good things about the emerging "FIDO U2F" standard. I am especially interested in having a JavaScript API for cryptographic functions that I can access through a plug-in in a browser. ...
41 views

### RSA-KEM construction

"Create a random key for CCPA2 scheme, encrypt m, send it along with a PK encryption of the symmetric key. " Say in the process, the KDF is HMAC, then: get a random key (128-bit) C1 = encrypt ...
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### Partial Homomorphic Schemes with padding

As mentioned in wikipedia there are many Partial Homomorphic Encryption(PHE) scheme like RSA, Elgamal, Pailler etc. But out of them only unpadded RSA scheme seems to be partial(multiplicative) ...