# All Questions

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### Is perfect-forward secrecy achieved with RSA?

I am new to cryptography and am going through the book Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. From what I understand Symmetric key distribution systems like Kerberos do not provide PFS ...
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### Given a 'good' basis for a lattice, how can we solve the CVP?

I'm doing a little bit of reading about lattices. I read that if we can find a 'short' basis for our given lattice, we can solve CVP and SVP very efficiently. However, the paper didn't describe an ...
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### Questions on FHE over the Integers - the question modified!

I modified my question since it is not as specific as I wanted. I'm studying FHE over the Integer which is https://eprint.iacr.org/2009/616.pdf I got questions about the proof of Lemma A.1. In page ...
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What is the disadvantage of AES-GCM mode for authenticated encryption? Why does the CAESAR competition say that it’s one of the goals to find an AE scheme that offers an advantage over AES-GCM? What ...
1k views

### Why is CBC with predictable IV considered insecure against CPA

I just learned that using CBC encryption with an IV which is predictable is not secure. From what I understand, using certain plain texts, and then guessing the IV that is uses, the attacker can ...
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### How is the MD2 hash function S-table constructed from Pi?

For fun, I'm learning more about cryptography and hashing. I'm implementing the MD2 hash function following RFC 1319 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1319). I'll preface by saying I know there are ...
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### How do I extract the private key components $N$ and $D$ from a private RSA key? [migrated]

I have a private RSA key like – for example – this one: ...
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I'm trying to analyze a login protocol based on symmetric key cryptography. I'm just starting out, so this may very likely be a very bad idea, but nonetheless I'd like to hear your thoughts on it. ...
218 views

### Reasons for Chinese SM2 Digital Signature Algorithm

In the IETF RFC draft named "SM2 Digital Signature Algorithm" a signature algorithm is specified. The RFC does however not mention why this signature algorithm has been defined. Nor does it specify ...
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### Is this an acceptable All-or-Nothing Transform?

I was thinking about AONTs, and designed the one below, I call it CHANT for Chained-Hash All-or-Nothing Transform; it's my very first shot at something of the sort, and was hoping I could get your ...
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### Rainbow table for DES with all-zero plaintext?

Consider the function $F$ from $\{0,1\}^{56}$ to $\{0,1\}^{64}$, mapping the operative bits of a DES key to the ciphertext for all-zero plaintext. How could we organize a rainbow table to invert that ...
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### Using Lattice-based cryptography for TLS\SSL

Given the general benefits of Lattice-based cryptography, such as: Post quantum Security Security from worst case scenario Efficiency What could the outlook of shifting from RSA \ ECC-based ...
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I'm looking to do some research into how RSA is used in the wild. I've read through a few papers and it seems other researchers have had no trouble collecting millions of keys to perform analysis on. ...
205 views

### Encrypting or HMACing password digests

Assuming I'm using bcrypt to digest passwords, is any additional security gained by either encrypting or HMACing the resulting digests? By requiring a key to compare password hashes, I would expect ...
122 views

### What are good combinations of public key algorithms or primitives for long term security?

There has been talk in literature about doing multiple encryption with different block ciphers or stream ciphers several times before, and the benefits and risks of such efforts. There may be hidden ...
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### PGP String to Key specifiers

I've been reading through the PGP Standard and here I'm a little confused. This section is discussing converting string data to a session key. I'm confused about the paragraph in bold. First off, what ...
2k views

### How can rainbow tables be used for a dictionary attack?

I'm putting together a password policy for my company. I very much want to avoid requiring complex passwords, and would much rather require length. The maximum length I can enforce is 14 characters. ...
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### How important is the evenness of the distribution when finding random primes? [duplicate]

There are two algorithms I know of for generating random primes: one generates a random integer in the desired range and then finds the first prime following it. The second generates a random integer, ...
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### Create multiple IV's from shared secret

I've answered a question on Stackoverflow which asked how to handle an IV after key agreement. One option I thought out for CBC was to use: Diffie-Hellman to create a secret; Create a symmetric key ...
68 views

### Challenge-response based on public-key decryption, why send public key

Quoting the handbook of applied cryptography, chapter 10.3.3 (i): Identification based on PK decryption and witness. Consider the following protocol: $A \leftarrow B: h(r), B, P_A(r,B)$ ...
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### SHA-256 RSA signature algorithm has thumbprint algorithm value as SHA-1. Is that valid? [on hold]

The field “Thumbprint algorithm” has an SHA-1 value , is that valid? Or should that be “SHA-256”? Also, there is and Alert symbol for the 3 fields: Basic Constraints Key Usage Enhanced Key Usage ...
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### Encrypted files in an encrypted partition or folder

Recently I started wondering about multiple encryption and found pages upon pages of posts and debates about the security of cascades. Now, don’t worry – I'm not looking for someone to discuss a ...
1k views

### How many RSA keys before a collision?

I was wondering how many possible private/public keys exist? If a million people – for whatever reason – would try to generate 5 keys each in the same minute (on the same date and time) is there a ...
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### Public key Issue - same key pair as existing one? [duplicate]

My question is a bit naive, but what if someone generates the same RSA key pair as someone else? This person would have the same private key and so would be able to decrypt messages not intended to ...
75 views

### Test Vectors for ciphers

While implementing ciphers (/hash functions, ...), I often face this problem: Where to find test vectors for it; so that I can guarantee my program is correct. It is generally a tedious job to find ...
76 views

### ECDH anonymous key exchange to avoid PKI

I want to use TLS to encrypt the communication between peers in a P2P network. Each peer has a well known 256bit peer identifier (the public key of a 256bit elliptic curve keypair). Both peers need ...
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### Would it be possible to crack the key used for params given DES [duplicate]

I am working on a product that will link back to another product. The problem is the GET params on the target product are encrypted using DES (I believe) so the params look like... ...
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### OTT service using FPE

Would it be possible to create an Over-The-Top communication utility that will encrypt voice using format preserving encryption (voice clear-text to audio encrypted stream) and send that over an ...
197 views

### PAK Diffie-Hellman vs. sharing high-entropy key

In order to setup an authenticated shared secret key between two clients, I am faced with the choice between two possibilities: Let users set a (low-entropy) shared password and then perform some ...
332 views

### What current authenticated key exchange standards exist?

If neither of the 'big two' of TLS Handshake and IKE are appropriate in a given situation, what alternative Authenticated Key Exchange (AKE) standards exist and are recommended? Many protocols have ...
100 views

### Is it secure to use Diffie-Hellman key agreement to generate a nonce?

I have a system, using AES, in one of the modes that uses a nonce and authentication. We have a pre-shared key, and to agree about initial nonce we could use Diffie-Hellman, using the resulting ...
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### How does a rolling code work?

I have general questions regarding rolling codes. Basically there is a sender and a receiver. Both have a sequence generator. The receiver checks if the received sequence matches the newly generated. ...
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### Adding points on Elliptic Curves

How do we add the integer points $P=(-1, 4)$ and $Q=(2, 5)$ on the elliptic curve of the form $y^2=x^3+17$ ?
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### Elliptic Curve Cryptography

I have been trying this for a while. But I couldn't get it. How can I determine the point of intersection of the tangent line at (0, 0) on the curve $y^2 + y = x^3 + x^2$ ?
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### Compression function to guarantee randomness of one time pads?

First of all, I would like to note that I am not building my own crypto. I am simply curious and would like to learn. What I am wondering is this: if we are worried about randomness of something ...
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### RSA Key and RSA Security

Is there any relationship between the RSA keypair standard and RSA security? Keypair: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem) Security: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_Security If not, ...
I need three pseudo random functions which all take a seed S (t-bits long). The functions should map from $d$ bits to $d$ bits $d$ bits to $1$ bit $d$ bits to $t$ bits $d$ is $10$ bits $t$ is ...