# All Questions

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### On a proposition in NTRU original paper: $\gamma_1 |f|_2 |g|_2 \leq |f \circledast g|_\infty \leq \gamma_2 |f|_2 |g|_2$

In the original paper of NTRU cryptosystem, we have the following proposition (that is said to be suggested by Don Coppersmith): For any $\epsilon > 0$, there are constants ...
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### Camellia Key Schedule

Camellia is a widely used International standard now. Its Key Schedule seems to be too simple as compared other famous Ciphers like Twofish and CAST-256. What are the per-requisites for the ...
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### El Gamal existential forgery using Pointcheval–Stern signature algorithm

I found that there exists an algorithm that claims to make the signature generating of El Gamal more secure. The alogirthm can be found here as a pdf I'm mainly interested in the two-parameter ...
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### Can a neural network be trained to simulate a cipher?

I believe there are two problems with this in practice: Choosing the components of the network in such a way as to allow them to simulate the operation of the circuitry of the cipher. These ...
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### Demostrate a scheme that can be proven secure in the random oracle model, but insecure with SHA-1 [on hold]

If I let Π be a signature scheme that is secure in the standard model and Πy is carried out as follows: if H(0)=y, then output the secret key; if H(0)≠ y, then return a signature computed using Π. ...
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### How does this Caesar cipher work?

Suppose I have this cryptogram: ...
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### Combining secure hashes with insecure hashes?

Assuming I'm a bank which seeks for secure hash functions to use in the process of signing on digital contents. I'd like to explain / prove why using each one of the following hash functions might ...
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### Calculating probability of finding collisions in an invertible hash function

Assuming we have an invertible hash function H that takes inputs of size 2n and outputs hashes of size n, I use the following algorithm to find collisions: Choose a random M as input. Compute its ...
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### Number of Sbox in a Cipher

Camellia has 4 SBOX and so does the TwoFish(key dependent 4 Sboxes). Where as AES uses only one. Would it have made AES more secure if AES had 4 or more SBOX too? Does using more Sbox with similar ...
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### If I encrypt data with two different ECC Private keys, how secure is the result?

I'm wondering whether encrypting data with two different 256-bit ECC keys will result in a more secure encryption (minimum 384 bit equivalent) or will result in data that's effectively encrypted with ...
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### Are there any known collisions for the SHA (1 & 2) family of hash functions?

Are there any known collisions for the hash functions SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512? By that, I mean are there known values of $a$ and $b$ where $F(a) = F(b)$ and $a ≠ b$?
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### Numeric base conversion in cryptosystems?

I have been wondering if numeric base conversion has ever found an application in cryptography. By base conversion, an example that is probably familiar is Base64 encoding. This is an example of ...
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### Measuring execution time for BCrypt's HashPassword function [on hold]

I am working on a project in ASP.NET where I use this package for hashing passwords. I want to measure how long it takes to hash a password. I wrote the following code but it says it takes 202.5913 ...
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### CLEFIA vs AES 128-bit

I am running a comparison between CLEFIA(Lightweight cipher from Sony Corporation which is a standard now http://www.sony.net/Products/cryptography/clefia/standard/index.html) and AES 128-bit. The ...
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### Is normal to take wrong values of the polynomial for given x while applying Horner's rule

I want to evaluate the polynomial $a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+...a_nx^n$ using Horner's evaluation due to i want to speed up my performance of application written in Java. The problem is that sometimes it gives ...
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### Why Rabin fingerprints assumes data is prefixed with a “1” bit?

(I know that a Rabin fingerprint is not a cryptographic hash, sorry in advance if my question is considered out of topic) In the paper Some applications of Rabin's fingerprinting method, it is ...
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### Security of basic SHA256 MAC in an authenticate-then-encrypt scheme

I know the following construct is insecure if the MAC as defined below is appended to the encrypted message in an Encrypt then Authenticate (EtA) scheme. $k_1$: encryption key $k_2$: authentication ...
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### Are any of the major asymmetric ciphers distinguishable (EG, RSA, ECC)?

Related to "Is it possible to derive the encryption method from encrypted text?". Given ciphertexts generated by any of the major asymmetric ciphers (RSA, ElGamal, ECC, etc..) can these ciphertexts ...
Suppose Alice wants to send encryptions (under a one-time pad) of $m_1$ and $m_2$ to Bob over a public channel. Alice and Bob have a shared key $k$; however, both messages are the same length as the ...