# All Questions

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### Is Curve25519 vulnerable to private key exposure in the case of a bad RNG?

I'm really excited by what I've learned of advancements in elliptic-curve cryptography. Curve25519 seems to be a great choice at this point in time, but if I recall correctly, some elliptic curve ...
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### Can we use the authentication tag as Nonce / IV for the next message?

Let's assume we're in some scenario requiring transfer of large amounts of data. This means we can only use AES-GCM chunk-for-chunk as its maximal size is restricted to a few GiBs. This means we have ...
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### Generate RSA-2048 private key for a VERY fast decryption (don't care if it will be unsecure)

Given public standard RSA exponent e = 65537, is there any (d, n) pairs so that RSA decryption becomes a trivial operation? The modulus n must be no less than 2048-bit. The goal is to get a real ...
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### Key Size for Symmetric Homomoprhic Encryption Over the Integers

In the paper Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers, it mentions a symmetric key scheme on page 1 and 2. Key Generation: Pick a random odd number $p \epsilon [2^{N-1},2^N)$ Encrypt A Bit m: ...
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### Proving an encrypted message contains (but does not 100% consist of) a plain-text message?

I have keypair (u,r), and two pieces of data, X and Y. I reveal X publicly but keep Y secret. Y has high entropy. I then concatenate X and Y, into Z. I encrypt Z, into "encrypt(Z,u) = Q". r is ...
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### Proving an encrypted message contains (but does not 100% consist of) a plain-text message? [duplicate]

I have keypair (u,r), and two pieces of data, X and Y. I reveal X publicly but keep Y secret. Y has high entropy. I then combine X and Y, into c(X,Y) = Z. I encrypt Z, into "encrypt(Z,u) = Q". r ...
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### Is there any equivalent to the apache xml security library for JSON? [on hold]

I'm talking about org.apache.xml.security(santurio) Is there any equivalent library that works with JSON and provides the same set of features? (mostly AES-128 with KEK support)
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### Shamir Secret Sharing: Why cannot we recover polynomial's root if we have $t-1$ shares?

Imagine we have $t-1$ shares in $(t,n)$ shamir secret sharing. So at least $t$ shares are needed. Question: Why cannot we use $t-1$ shares to find a root of the polynomial and then recover the ...
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### Symmetric key in homomorphic encryption over the integers

Much like this question: Public key in fully homomorphic encryption over the integers I am also reading I'm reading Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers, but I'm working on implementing the ...
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### Does CTR mode yield a PRF?

Can the keystream generated by CTR mode be considered a pseudo-random function?
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### Clarification of RFC2246 with regards to Finished Message

I'm working on a client handshake finished message for a TLS client, and I'm reading through the RFC 2246 spec. The spec states (in section 7.4.9): The hash contained in finished messages sent by ...
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### What is stopping someone from saving encrypted info, and decoding it later?

When I send encrypted data to a website, using public key encryption, what is stopping someone who is listening from storing my encrypted data, and decryption it in a few years after they have ...
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### Proving set membership in less than log(N) bandwidth

I have an unchanging set of unique items, and I want my server to show one of those items to a client, then cryptographically prove that the item is part of the set. How I do this currently: ...
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### Complement of information on software usage [on hold]

I recently asked this question on cryptography S.E. and was kind of surprised that the answer didn't contain technical explanations (what software to use, etc) that would have solved it. One user ...
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### In $\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$, is $(a+b\cdot r)$ a random value for fixed $a,b$ and random $r$?

Let $p$ be a prime number. Consider two fixed values $a,b\in\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$, where $b\neq0$, and a uniformly random value $r\leftarrow \mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$. Is $v=a+b\cdot r$ a uniformly ...
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### What is matrix branching program?

Recently I am reading something about order-revealing encryption (by Boneh at al. in EuroCrypt 2015) and encountered "matrix branching programming". It seems like it took me forever to understand ...
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### Email: Degrees of Security [on hold]

It has been explained to me by IT that there is no such thing as totally secure email - but rather a spectrum. If systems are secured via https and SSL what degree of encryption/security are we ...
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### Is there an existing AE protocol with forward secrecy for embedded devices?

I'm working on an embedded device that is connected to a computer over an untrusted channel. According to my threat model I need authentication and encryption on the wire with perfect forward secrecy. ...
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### Can RSA be securely used for “blind decryption”?

Assume we have the following setup: A client with trusted storage and computing capabilities (e.g. a smartcard) A server with trusted computing and short-term storage capabilities (e.g. RAM + CPU, ...
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### Random Function size

I am new to cryptography. I have question regarding the size of the set of random functions. I found the text from "Introduction to modern cryptography" by Katz and Lindell, in another thread which ...
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### Additive homomorphic encryption scheme without change in operator

I'm looking for an additive homomorphic encryption that the addition operator (+) in its plaintext space be the same as addition operator in its ciphertext space. (Schemes like Paillier do addition in ...
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### Does anyone have an idea of what this is? [on hold]

I found this within an mp3 using audacity. Does anyone recognize this type of code?
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### Supersingular Isogeny Key Exchange broken?

Found this report detailing a quantum algorithm for computing isogenies between supersingular elliptic curves. http://cacr.uwaterloo.ca/techreports/2014/cacr2014-24.pdf with the quote ...
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I would love to have a system where the password is never send in plaintext (even with TLS) to authenticate a user. I've come up with this protocol, but I'd rather use something proven. Registration: ...
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### Envelope Encryption with asymmetric keys vs KMS

In Envelope encryption a symmetric secret key is used to sign the data and then another key is used to encrypt the secret to produce an encrypted secret key. The encrypted messages is packaged with ...
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I have an OLD work database that seems to have a simple encryption on the PW. I have one users whose pw is 7777 the cipher text is ...
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### Knowing pre-encryption data, can we find the private key CryptoWall used?

I'm just repurposing a question already asked about Cryptolocker for CryptoWall: "If we know exact contents of some of the files prior to them being encrypted, would it be feasible to use those ...
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### What is the difference between a random oracle and a probabilistic algorithm? [on hold]

What is the difference between a random oracle and a probabilistic algorithm?