# All Questions

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### Understanding Pseudo Random Generators

I've been taking a crypto course online. I have a good idea how PRG's and Stream Ciphers work, but I'd love to get some input to help visualize what is actually happening. I understand a seed is used, ...
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### Is it possible to find out whether a number is greater than another number without knowing the numbers?

Is it possible to construct a zero knowledge proof that one encrypted number is larger (or not) than another encrypted number without releasing the values of either numbers?
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### What kind of encoding is used in these strings? [on hold]

I think this is the BASE64 encoding but decoding by BASE64 returns meaningless chars. Help me to decode this. The value must be 3-digit numbers. Thanks in advance. AAABBXCXMQAAAAAFCZcxAAAAAAA= ...
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### Why haven't military-precision channel GPS receivers been hacked yet (like game consoles or Apple devices)?

I wonder what is the encryption scheme in these high-precision encrypted GPS streams (the so-called "P(Y) code". If there's a master key needed, then it has to be in every device. How come the key ...
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### Generation of N bit prime numbers -> what is the actual range?

Short version: When generating a prime number of N bits, should I draw random numbers from the range $[0 , 2^n]$, or $[2^{(n-1)} , 2^n]$? Context: I'm trying to implement a toy-version of RSA as a ...
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### Using modulus in one time pad?

I would like to know what is the real purpose of using a modulus in the equivalent of a Vernam cipher: Data $d$, large number $M$ Assume the key length is λ bits. Then M could be 2^λ. k is picked ...
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### Is appending the hash of the plaintext to the end of an encrypted message sufficient to ensure integrity?

Is appending the hash of the plaintext to the end of an encrypted message sufficient to ensure integrity? My reasoning is that the attacker doesn't know all the plaintext, so by having a hash, the ...
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### Forward pseudorandom permutation [on hold]

Please consider the following scenario: The user A and B use their keys, K1 and K2 respectively. Each client have a vector of elements. Each client separately permutes his vector using his key and ...
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### Is it possible to hand-negotiate an SSL/TLS session?

I'm interested in trying to hand-negotiate an SSL/TLS session. Similar to how one would use telnet to port 80 and type GET / HTTP/1.1. I know there's a lot of steps ...