# All Questions

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It seems that merkle hash tree (MHT) traversals have been discussed somewhat in the literature, but there does not appear to be much written on inserting, deleting, and updating leaves. Is this lack ...
19 views

### Methods for “chained authentication”

I am currently looking at different methods which can be used to perform what I would call "chained authentication". By chained authentication I mean authentication between two systems that cannot be ...
15 views

I'm trying to solve a question about one time pads but I'm not sure if my assumptions are correct. I am to assume that I have a one time pad with perfect secrecy. This one time pad is used to ...
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### Reducing key shares in Damgård-Dupont threshold RSA

I'm working on understanding and implementing Damgård, I., & Dupont, K. (2005). Efficient Threshold RSA Signatures with General Moduli and No Extra Assumptions. Public Key Cryptography-PKC ...
50 views

### Usage of GF(p^m) fields, where p != 2

$GF(2^m)$ Galois fields are widely used in different cryptographic algorithms, for example, in Rijndael. However, $GF(p^m)$ fields are possible with any prime $p$, not only 2, but $GF(2^m)$ fields ...
199 views

### Elliptic Curve based blind signature implementation

I want to use Elliptic Curve based blind signature scheme for my research. There is no proper implementation of ECC-based blind signatures. Can someone describe to me which things I need to follow ...
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### Is there a flaw in this ECC blind signature scheme?

Recently I've found the following work on the internet: An ECC-Based Blind Signature Scheme The paper claims to be an ECDSA blind signature however it seems that their scheme has a flaw in it. The ...
119 views

### Can AES in CCM or GCM counter mode interoperate with AES in “plain” counter mode (CTR)?

I am exploring the use of Windows CNG to replace some OpenSSL-based code that takes advantage of AES in counter mode. From the outside, everything should look the same after the switch. The section ...
16 views

### Proving the complement property of DES?

I'm trying to show that for a given plaintext (P), key (K), and cipher (C) in the DES algorithm: ...
206 views

### DES Encryption Algorithm all 64 bits for key instead of 56 bits

Would a DES algorithm that uses all 64 bits for the key instead of just the 56 bits be more secure? I have been thinking about it but those 8 bits used for parity are very useful and but including ...
52 views

### How hard is it to find plaintexts whose hashes satisfy $h(a)\oplus h(b)=h(c)$?

Given a cryptographic hash function $h$, for example SHA256, how hard is it to find plaintexts $a,b,c$ such that $$h(a)\oplus h(b)=h(c) \text?$$
2k views

### What is Attribute Based Encryption?

Can someone explain what attribute based encryption is? I was searching for a book or something that can help me in this regard but so far I have found none. Google also returns practically nothing ...
62 views

### How secure is it to use password as AES key?

I am developing a steganography app where user encrypt any file into an audio file. The user can enter a password to protect the hidden data. The same password is converted as a 256 bit key and the ...
22 views

### Is there a reference that prove that the AES Key Schedule generate random looking round keys?

Starting from uniformly random generated AES master key, is there a reference that prove that an specific roundkey can be considered as uniformly random generated as well ?
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### Local UC(LUC) : About the impossibility of any simulations which consists hybrid protocols

In LUC framework, if a protocol has access to an ideal functionality(hybrid model), is it impossible to simulate this protocol? Just because, each of simulators has its own view of the protocol, so, ...
9k views

### Many time pad attack [duplicate]

I've already sent my correct solution to a homework exercise from Dan Boneh's Introduction to Cryptography class on Coursera: "Let us see what goes wrong when a stream cipher key is used more than ...
19 views

### Pairing Based Cryptography API [on hold]

What are some of the good Pairing Based Cryptography support in python? I want to design Android based UI and test my pairing security scheme.
71 views

### Achieving 32-bit verification code with 16-bit CRC?

I am programming an embedded chip that has a hardware 16-bit CRC module. I have to protect some data bytes $d_0,d_1,...,d_{n-1}$ against corruption caused by sudden loss of power; a 32-bit CRC would ...
330 views

### State of the art RSA key generation

I would like to know if there is an algorithm to generate a RSA key at the state of the art of the present cryptanalysis. Beside the key lenght I know there are some weakness in the choice of prime ...
1k views

### A timestamping authority (digital notary)

Does there currently exist a free online service that accepts a file, hashes it, takes an authoritatively chosen timestamp (from one or more time services), signs these and sends this signed message ...
104 views

### Is there any existing cipher capable of scaling from a 1 bit key up to a one-time-pad?

We have ciphers that handle small amounts of entropy, such as a 256 bit key for AES; and we have one time pads for enciphering 1:1 entropy, such as a 1GB key for a 1GB file if you could ever harvest ...
56 views

### Negative exponents in Shoup's threshold RSA?

I'm trying to implement threshold RSA operations, starting with decryption based on Peeters, R., Nikova, S., & Preneel, B. (2008). Practical RSA Threshold Decryption for Things That Think. ...
98 views

### 1 Billion Bit Encryption?

So, browsing through YouTube, I stumbled on this video interview of John Draper (Captain Crunch), one of the first "hackers". He talks for about 3 minutes (until 27:48) about his home rolled ...
1k views

### Why should the RSA private exponent have the same size as the modulus?

Consider the generation of an RSA key pair with a given modulus size $n$ and a known, small public exponent $e$ (typically $e = 3$ or $e = 65537$). A common method is to generate two random primes ...
32 views

### Definition of the Decryption oracle

In the context of public-key encryption, what would be a formal definition of the decryption oracle? I know the informal definition (i.e., a function that is available to the adversary and that ...
118 views

### PGP String to Key specifiers

I've been reading through the PGP Standard and here I'm a little confused. This section is discussing converting string data to a session key. I'm confused about the paragraph in bold. First off, what ...
19 views

### Any ideas on login using Digital Signature PKCS

I am curious to know about possibility to login into web application just by identifying the user based on digital signature in usb token. any reference in this direction?
35 views

### Difference between Ascii85 and Base85? [on hold]

I have a python script that encrypts using Ascii85, but when I encrypt using base85, the output is different. What is the difference? Is it just a different alphabet? ...
267 views

### In RSA, why does $p$ have to be bigger than $q$ where $n=p \times q$?

In openSSL – during RSA key generation – if $q$ is bigger than $p$, they exchange them. Why is that?
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### Why isn't CTR mode (counter mode) used more often?

For the CTR mode, the design is good for parallelization, yes, it seems the benchmark of the program downloaded from crypto++ proves that on an Intel I7 CPU. My question is that as most of CPU on ...
33 views

Given is a system, which does provide only implementations of fast hash algorithms (MD5, SHA1, SHA-256, SHA-512). There is no implementation of PBKDF2, bcrypt or scrypt available. The system does ...
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### Selection of cryptographic functions for OAEP

I can't understand how the "cryptographic functions" are to be selected RSA + OAEP which are used in OAEP. How to choose these "cryptographic functions"(G and H)?
41 views

### Is signing a message just encrypting it with private key? [duplicate]

I have a simple question, When I sign a message (in RSA) does the program encrypt the text with my private key? Because I can decrypt it with my public key. Yes or no. Is signing a message just ...
115 views

### Point decompression on an elliptic curve

I'm programming an elliptic curve cryptosystem and I'm having difficulty with decompressing points. The following information is from my project specification as to my understanding: Given a point ...
24 views

### Is there a strong cryptographic reason for GCM's 2^39 - 256 bit limit? [duplicate]

In reading through the original GCM specification (McGrew & Viega '05), the composition of the 128 bit Initialization Vector as a concatenation of a 96b nonce and a 32b unsigned wrapping counter ...
77 views

### How are the AES inverse S-Boxes calculated?

I would like to know, how to calculate the inverse S-box. I followed this link (with affine transformation first, then multiplicative inverse), but the result is wrong. For example, if I use the value ...
36 views

### Hardness assumptions on composite order bilinear groups

I am not at all knowledgeable in elliptic curve cryptography. So, here lies a couple of questions that I failed to find answers for to my satisfaction. Is there any known Type-III bilinear pairing ...
33 views

### Showing that a function satisfies the properties to be a distance function [on hold]

Let $p$ be a prime and $V_p$ be the associated valulation. Then for all $x,y,z \in\mathbb Z$, $V_p$ satisfies: $v_p(xy) = v_p(x)+v_p(y)$ $v_p(x+y) ≥ min(v_p(x),v_p(y))$ Define a function ...
92 views

### Why is factoring $p-1$ easy when $p$ is a safe prime?

A paper states: [...] $(p,g,y)$ is a correct ElGamal public key if $g^x=y\pmod p$. To verify this the order of $g$, and thus the factorization of $p-1$, is needed. This is easy for safe primes ...
23 views

Let the message space and cipher space be given by M= C ={00; 01; 10; 11} and the key space K = {k0; k1; k2; k3}. We denote M= {m0;m1;m2;m3} and the probability distribution of message variable M ...