# All Questions

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### Serpent 256bit key wrong round keys

Assume that we have this 256bit key: 15FC0D48 D7F8199C BE399183 4D96F327 10000000 00000000 00000000 On first 0-7 keys we can't apply formula wi=(wi-8 xor wi-5 xor wi-3 xor wi-1 xor phi xor ...
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### Prove counter mode of operation and CBC mode are CPA secure when pseudorandom permutations

I know counter mode can be CPA secure, when used with block ciphers modeled as random permutations. If we use pseudorandom permutations, is it still cpa secure? could anyone show me the prove? How ...
27 views

### Encrypt a file for random access but only after an initial read of the whole file

I'm symmetrically encrypting a file (using a random salt and a user supplied password with PKCS5S2, i.e., nothing special) and I need to be able to access it randomly. Therefore I'm using a stream ...
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### What's algorithm encryption ?Twofish or AES [on hold]

I have one ciphertext but i do not know algorithm it . i know it's AES or Twofish what are your suggestions ?
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### Committing Bilinear equation in Groth-Sahai framework

Groth-Sahai framework enables us to commit to QE, MSME, PP equations. Now, is the equation below committable in GS framework? A bilinear map $e: G_1 \times G_2 \rightarrow G_T$. $g_1 \in G_1$ and ...
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### Does google's Crypto.JS AES encryption use PBKDF2 as default?

Does google's Crypto.JS AES encryption use PBKDF2 as default? Some references, but I can't figure out the answer myself: https://code.google.com/p/crypto-js/#The_Cipher_Algorithms ...
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### Bouncy Castle and Salsa 20

I want to use Salsa 20 in Java, so I downloaded Bouncy Castle, and... it makes no sense to me. I've got it working, but most of my choices were essentially random. But I can't see there anything ...
76 views

### What does “learnable with oracle queries” mean?

I came across the following quotes in reading papers on obfuscation (1, ibid, and 2): The next result follows from the fact that point functions are not exactly learnable (since a uniformly chosen ...
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### Calculate the security of a cascade cipher

I’m reading “The Security of Multiple Encryption in the Ideal Cipher Model” and I’m having a hard time understanding something. How do I calculate the bounds of cascade cipher from the following ...
19k views

### How can I use SSL/TLS with Perfect Forward Secrecy?

I'm new to the field of cryptography, but I want to make the web a better web by setting up the sites that I host with Perfect Forward Secrecy. I have a list of questions regarding the setup of ...
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### SHA-1 collision resistance

I'm researching on the SHA-1 algorithm and looking for reasons why it has fallen prey to differential cryptanalysis. I have read the research papers by Merc Stevens and Wang both of which describe how ...
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### Decryption of .png and .jpg files [on hold]

I'm trying to modify graphic assets of the software I'm using (for aesthetic puroposess, I guess it's hard to do something harmful with graphic assets) but developer encrypted them. I'm not sure why ...
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### How do you perform frequency analysis to break Vigenere cipher programmatically?

I am trying to write a program to which when provided a ciphertext(maxlength - 200) and a key length(maxlength - 40), gives a plaintext as output from a possible set of plaintexts. By possible set of ...
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### MD5 update functions

In the hashlib module in python is a function called m.update() where m is a ...
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### Encrypting twice with different modes?

I was using a SOCKS5 proxy today (tunneled through SSH) and I began to wonder what the effect of encrypting twice (TLS over encrypted SOCKS5 in this case) would have on the security of the transmitted ...
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### Why can't garbled circuits be reused?

There are a bunch of papers do research on resizable garbled circuits. But I wonder why garbled circuits cannot be reused? For example, the constructor constructs a garbled circuit of "AND" like ...
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### What is the history of recommended RSA key sizes?

One can find up to date recommended key sizes for RSA at http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-131A/sp800-131A.pdf for example. In short it suggests a key size of at least 2048 bits. Is it ...
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### Prove that the affine cipher over Z26 has perfect secrecy if every key is used with equal probability of 1/312

Prove that the affine cipher over Z26 has perfect secrecy if every key is used with equal probability of 1/312. Just some guidance/help with this problem would be greatly appreciated not sure how to ...
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### How secure would HMAC-SHA3 be?

It would be possible to implement the HMAC construction with (draft) SHA-3, leading to HMAC-SHA3-224, HMAC-SHA3-256, HMAC-SHA3-384, HMAC-SHA3-512 (the last 3 digits are the output size $\ell$, where ...
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### How do you test randomness?

Suppose I receive a list of 1 million coinflips, and I want to know how likely it is that the list was randomly generated. My first thought would be to count the number of heads and tails, which ...
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### Database row level encryption scheme

I am wanting to secure some highly sensitive data in a database. This would mean that the data needs to be encrypted and remain secure for 100 years if it were to fall into adversary hands. I also ...
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### Is it true the longer the key length is the more secure the encryption?

Then why don't we use xxxxxxx bits encryption? what stopping us from using a very lengthy key? I am referring to the encryption we use with SSL
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### How can I break this cipher? [closed]

I am currently trying to break: +VZ7ZVcKPavGh4iGArNy and +VZyY1sBOazFh4COBrB2 I have a known plaintext that is: 378734493671000 which encrypts to: +VZyZlAHP6HAgoaPBrBz Is anyone able to explain how ...
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### Cryptography system that limits the length of the encypted message

I have two devices which communicate via sms. This communication should now be encrypted. The devices can only send messages with the lenght of 160 characters. So i am looking for an encryption ...
51 views

### initiate the elliptic curve

when we consider a curve in a prime field for example Weierstrass form and want to initiate it in Miracl,we should give these inputs for initiate curve: ebrick_init(&binst,x,y,a,b,n,window,nb) ...
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### Elliptic curve parameters

What's the meaning of 160 bit Curve in Elliptic curve ? or 192 or 224 or 256 and etc. And What is the standard for selecting this number of bit ? why they don't say 100 bit curve?
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### Existential Unforgeability of signature scheme against Adaptive Chosen Message Attack

While reading a literature on signature schemes, I came across the concept of Existential Unforgeability of signature scheme against Adaptive Chosen Message Attack. Can anyone point me to the paper ...
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### I need to know number of encryption/decryption operations?

If i want to break quadruple DES (say EDED), what is complexity? Like for EDE, it is O(2^112).
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### HMAC_DRBG Generate Process: requesting N bytes at once different from requesting N bytes in total?

Am I correct in assuming that HMAC_DRBG would return different results if I, e.g. first request 4 bytes followed by a request of another 4 bytes instead of asking for 8 bytes at once? It seems that ...
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### blowfish ecb with openssl doesn't give the expected result

I do the following via the Linux CLI: ...
A long question here, but I really want to motivate why I'm confused. Consider the following attack on the Schnorr Identification Scheme. Alice chooses a random $k$, computes \$\gamma = \alpha^k ...