# Tag Info

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With multiple blocks the scheme is definitely not CPA as the same plaintext blocks encrypt to the same ciphertext. Using the security game given here as a framework for proving this, begin by letting $m_0 = 0^n0^n1^n$ and $m_1 = 0^n1^n0^n$. Given back a ciphertext $c = Enc_{k1, k2}(m_i)$ (where $i \in \{0, 1\}$) we can look at blocks two and three of $c$ to ...

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Here's an artificial example: Start with some secure encryption scheme with encryption function $\mathcal{E}(\cdot)$, and construct a new scheme with encryption function $\mathcal{E}'(\cdot)$, which for any input message $m$ copies the first bit, $b$, of the message, and outputs $b||\mathcal{E}(m)$, where $||$ denotes concatenation. For such a scheme, ...

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Stream ciphers and some block cipher modes are particularly vulnerable to having the plaintext modified (rather than just being scrambled) by modifying the ciphertext. With CBC, as in the example you linked to, modifying the IV let's you change a portion of the first block if you know which bytes are which and have some idea of what they contain, and ...

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