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Actually, I think I found the answer to my question while writing it, but I'll post it anyway, since it might be interesting to others: Yes, OFB mode is secure even with 8-bit feedback, at least as long as IVs are chosen randomly. Specifically, in the paper "New proof for old modes" (IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2008), which I've cited earlier here, ...

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Assuming you don't use counter-measures against this kind of an attack, a chosen-ciphertext attack works as follows: Variables: $p$ is field prime, $\alpha$ is the chosen generator, $a$ is the private key, $\alpha^a=\beta$ is the public key. $k'$ and $m'$ are chosen at random. Note: all the following equations are $(mod$ $p)$. Suppose you want to decrypt ...

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With chosen-plaintext attack, the attacker is allowed to choose an arbitary amount of plaintext to encrypt. After that he/she can't do that again, he/she has to work with the current data. With the adaptive-chosen-plaintext attack, he/she can do the same as with the chosen-plaintext attack, but is also allowed to encrypt new data after the attacker has ...

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