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Prime theory is of great interest to me! It is currently used in many cryptosystems to protect data (in making public keys, for example). There are always a few obscure researchers studying how to make prime factorization easier (or stronger I suppose). There are so many branches of math that we use in cryptography (matrices, primes, ellipses, modular ...

"Algebraic Geometry Codes: Basic Notions" by Tsfasman, Vladut, and Nogin is a textbook that is available as a PDF. Discussion of Hermitian curves begins on page 167. I haven't read it and no very little about coding theory. It was the reference a friend provided in his dissertation, which included constructing universal hash functions from Hermitian curves. ...

Abstract mathematics has played an important role in the development of cryptography. From Analytical number theory, tools like factorization and computing logarithms in a finite field. Enough is said and known about these techniques! Combinatorial problems, like knapsack and subset-sum has been used in cryptosystem. You can find a very nice connection ...

Surprised nobody has mentioned this. Abstract algebra is a big player in the design of AES, specifically AES uses finite field arithmetic over a specific field. This article introduces the field in question. The field in question is also called a Galois Field, from Galois theory which neatly solves questions about higher order polynomials as well as linking ...

I would like to add my two cents (mostly related to asymmetric cryptography): Number theoretic primitives (RSA/DH/EC/Pairing based crypto) [Mainstream] Coding theory based crypto systems (McEliece) [research] Lattice based systems [research] Other models of information theory, e.g. wiretap model [research] Combinatorics (knapsack problems) [research]

I am not sure on the implementation status of hyperelliptic curves. Two other significant uses of mathematical techniques: Bilinear pairings on appropriate elliptic curves - mainstream (Voltage) Ideal lattices - mainstream (NTRU) and in research (Gentry's fully homomorphic encryption) Another area of interest is based on coding theory: Learning ...