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All of your encryption rounds are incorrect, either due to incorrect round function or key schedule (or state alignment). Showing round 0 (round key addition before first round) will help show if the keys are being added correctly to the state. The key expansion is also very important, if that is not done correctly it will not work at all. I will assume ...

2

If your ints are unsigned then the code r = (r * 33) + (int)c and the fact that you're using 32-bit integers yield the equation $\;\;\;\; \text{new_r} \: \equiv \: (\text{old_r} \cdot 33) + \text{(int)}\hspace{.02 in}\text{c} \;\; \pmod{2^{32}} \;\;\;\;$. Since 33 is odd and $2^{32}$ is even, 33 is a unit mod $2^{32}$. $\:$ I used wolframalpha to determine ...

2

Am I on the right track with reversing DJB2 (can it be reversed?)? Is there some way of finding the remainder of a large number that has been modded by 232? You were on a right track to explain why it can't be easily inverted. Given an arbitrary $h_i$, every letter of the alphabet will give you another potential $h_{i-1}$ that the value was before that ...

1

Take a look at some of the open source implementations or at the reference code. I couldn't find the later ad-hoc but some open source variants should be perfect. I experienced similar problems. Unfortunately the byte ordering is not always that clear. As owlstead mentioned, take a look at the detailed test vectors from the NIST publication (FIPS-197, ...

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