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Your first sentence is entirely wrong. A OTP is a theoretical construct that requires a fully random key (at least) the size of the plaintext. Limiting the amount of random bits to 256 will by definition not be an OTP - at least not for constructions that accept a plaintext larger than 256 bits. The same idea is that if you use a key called $i$ which is ...

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As long as the keys $K_i$ are only used once, this is semantically secure. To see it, observe that if $K_i$ is a uniformly random value in $\{0,1\}^{|M|}$ then so is $C_i = M \oplus K_i$.

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/dev/urandom is only computationally secure, so you won't get information-theoretical security for your OTP if you draw it from /dev/urandom. If you're happy with computational security, you might as well use a stream cipher instead of a OTP. Stream ciphers are much easier to use securely than OTPs. On Linux /dev/random aims for information-theoretical ...

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Scheme is not IND-CPA for any message longer than one block. I'll include a image of CBC mode below for reference (Source: Wikipedia). Suppose instead of block cipher encryption we have plaintext xor-ed with the key as you propose. You'll note that for message block 1, $M_1$, the ciphertext block $C_1 = M_1 \oplus IV \oplus Key$. Similarly \$C_2 = M_2 ...

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Is this secure? Yes, One-Time-Pads (OTPs) can be proven information theoretically secure. For a sketch of what this means and how to do this, please refer to this previous answer by me. Can I actually use modular addition as encryption like it said in Wikipedia? Yes, any group operation can be used to form a pefectly secret encryption scheme ...

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