Hot answers tagged provable-security
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The two primary techniques I'm familiar with is structuring a cryptographic primitive as a sequence of games and the universally composable security framework.
Sequence of Games
The idea here is to represent a protocol/primitive as a game played between an attacker and a challenger. You define a bad event and show through the game that the event happens ...
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The adversary $\mathcal A$ is an entity (think of a computer program) designed to participate in the experiment $\operatorname{PrivK}^{\text{eav}}_{A,\Pi}$.
So the adversary produces two messages, then is given the encryption of one of them, and has to guess which one it was.
Of course, you can give the adversary other "ciphertexts" too, but this wouldn't ...
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