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an asymmetric (e.g. public-key) cryptosystem, based on modular exponentiation with big exponents and modulus. RSA can be used both for signature and encryption.
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unique (usually random) data passed into a hash function for password storage to avoid the possible usage of rainbow tables or similar attacks. Salt will not help against dictionary or brute f…
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(or substitution boxes), components in many block ciphers used to substitute parts of the data in a non-linear way. While often fixed by the algorithm (like in DES and AES), sometimes they are key-dep…
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A slow and memory-intensive hash function designed for passwords
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Secret sharing refers to splitting a secret among multiple parties so that together they can reconstruct it. All parties, or just a threshold number of them, can be required for reconstruction. If few…
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a hash function that will soon be two generations old. It is no longer considered secure and should only be used for backward compatibility.
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a family of cryptographic hash functions designed by the NSA and published by NIST in 2001. The family includes various output lengths (224, 256, 384, and 512 bits). The SHA-2 family will eve…
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part of the SHA-2 family of hash functions with a 256 bit output.
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a cryptographic hash function standardized by NIST as a new alternative to the SHA-2 hash function family.
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Between 2007 and 2012 NIST ran a hash function competition to determine SHA-3. In the end Keccak was chosen as winner and became SHA-3.
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part of the SHA-2 family of hash functions with a 512 bit output.
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attacks using information leaked by implementations of cryptographic algorithms to obtain information about keys or (plaintext) data, instead of (or additional to) using cryptographic weaknesses.
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Algorithms and protocols for creating signatures to documents, and verifying such signatures. These are normally asymmetric, for symmetric signatures see [mac].
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a cryptographic hash function. It was designed for the SHA-3 competition where it became a finalist, but wasn't chosen as SHA-3.
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a construction scheme for hash functions (and other symmetric primitives) based on an unkeyed permutation. The most famous example is Keccak, which won the SHA-3 competitio…
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The SSH security protocol
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SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and its successor TLS (Transport Layer Security) are protocols which provide communication security (privacy and integrity) for a bidirectional data channel.
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a VPN tunneling protocol that allows the tunneling of PPP or L2TP traffic over an SSL connection.
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