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I believe the basic idea is the following:


Choose $m$ so that $\: \sum p_i \:$ can be efficiently recovered from $\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \:\:$.

Each party $i$ chooses $\:n\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\:$ elements $\:q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\:$ of $\:\{0,\hspace{-0.04 in}1,\hspace{-0.03 in}2,\hspace{-0.03 in}3,...,m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}2\hspace{.02 in},m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\hspace{-0.02 in}\}$
independently and almost uniformly, where $j$ ranges over the other parties,
and then sends each to the corresponding other party over a confidential channel.

Each party $i$ lets $S$ be the set of other parties, and then lets $q_{i,i}$ be $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\hspace{.02 in}p_i-\left(\hspace{.02 in}\displaystyle\sum_{j\hspace{.02 in}\in \hspace{.02 in}S} q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\right)\right),\hspace{.03 in}m\right) \;\;\;$.

Each party $i$ lets $q_i$ be $\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\displaystyle\sum_j q_{j,i}\right),\hspace{.03 in}m\right) \:\:$,$\:\:$ and the broadcasts $\:q_i\:$.

Now, $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \: = \: \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum q_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \;\;\;$.



The simplest thing to address is the use of the confidential channel. $\:$ First, if there is any way to
do this against a pure eavesdropper, then key agreement is possible, by letting Alice run one party
with a random $p_i$ from a large range, letting Bob run the others, one of which also has a random
$p_i$ from a large range and the others of which have a $p_i$ of zero, and letting the key be least
significant bits of Alice's $p_i$. $\:$ If secure erasure is allowed, then secure key agreement means
that one can lift from authentic channels to confidential channels. $\:$ If secure erasure is not
allowed, then non-committing key agreement would still suffice for that. $\:$ On the other hand,
if authentic channels are not available, then one must proceed as described in this paper.

The more complicated thing to address is the issue of parties lying about their $\:q_i\:$.
For each ordered pair of parties $\:\langle i\hspace{.01 in},j\hspace{.02 in}\rangle\:$,$\:$ there need to be equivocal commitments to $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ such
that no secrets are needed to verify openings and the commitments and the committed values are computationally independent of the other $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ values. $\;\;\;$ (For the first part, when $i$ and $j$ are different, just have either of them make the commitments and then send the decommit information to the other
of them over a confidential channel. $\:$ The computational independence part is easier than it would normally be because all relevant parties are in communication with each other.) $\:$ Finally, after the parties broadcast the $q_i$ values, the parties must give simultaneoussimultaneous computational zero knowledge arguments of knowledge of how to decommit the $q_{j,i}$ values in a way that is compatible with $q_i$.

I believe the basic idea is the following:


Choose $m$ so that $\: \sum p_i \:$ can be efficiently recovered from $\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \:\:$.

Each party $i$ chooses $\:n\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\:$ elements $\:q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\:$ of $\:\{0,\hspace{-0.04 in}1,\hspace{-0.03 in}2,\hspace{-0.03 in}3,...,m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}2\hspace{.02 in},m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\hspace{-0.02 in}\}$
independently and almost uniformly, where $j$ ranges over the other parties,
and then sends each to the corresponding other party over a confidential channel.

Each party $i$ lets $S$ be the set of other parties, and then lets $q_{i,i}$ be $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\hspace{.02 in}p_i-\left(\hspace{.02 in}\displaystyle\sum_{j\hspace{.02 in}\in \hspace{.02 in}S} q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\right)\right),\hspace{.03 in}m\right) \;\;\;$.

Each party $i$ lets $q_i$ be $\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\displaystyle\sum_j q_{j,i}\right),\hspace{.03 in}m\right) \:\:$,$\:\:$ and the broadcasts $\:q_i\:$.

Now, $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \: = \: \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum q_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \;\;\;$.



The simplest thing to address is the use of the confidential channel. $\:$ First, if there is any way to
do this against a pure eavesdropper, then key agreement is possible, by letting Alice run one party
with a random $p_i$ from a large range, letting Bob run the others, one of which also has a random
$p_i$ from a large range and the others of which have a $p_i$ of zero, and letting the key be least
significant bits of Alice's $p_i$. $\:$ If secure erasure is allowed, then secure key agreement means
that one can lift from authentic channels to confidential channels. $\:$ If secure erasure is not
allowed, then non-committing key agreement would still suffice for that. $\:$ On the other hand,
if authentic channels are not available, then one must proceed as described in this paper.

The more complicated thing to address is the issue of parties lying about their $\:q_i\:$.
For each ordered pair of parties $\:\langle i\hspace{.01 in},j\hspace{.02 in}\rangle\:$,$\:$ there need to be equivocal commitments to $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ such
that no secrets are needed to verify openings and the commitments and the committed values are computationally independent of the other $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ values. $\;\;\;$ (For the first part, when $i$ and $j$ are different, just have either of them make the commitments and then send the decommit information to the other
of them over a confidential channel. $\:$ The computational independence part is easier than it would normally be because all relevant parties are in communication with each other.) $\:$ Finally, after the parties broadcast the $q_i$ values, the parties must give simultaneous computational zero knowledge arguments of knowledge of how to decommit the $q_{j,i}$ values in a way that is compatible with $q_i$.

I believe the basic idea is the following:


Choose $m$ so that $\: \sum p_i \:$ can be efficiently recovered from $\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \:\:$.

Each party $i$ chooses $\:n\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\:$ elements $\:q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\:$ of $\:\{0,\hspace{-0.04 in}1,\hspace{-0.03 in}2,\hspace{-0.03 in}3,...,m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}2\hspace{.02 in},m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\hspace{-0.02 in}\}$
independently and almost uniformly, where $j$ ranges over the other parties,
and then sends each to the corresponding other party over a confidential channel.

Each party $i$ lets $S$ be the set of other parties, and then lets $q_{i,i}$ be $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\hspace{.02 in}p_i-\left(\hspace{.02 in}\displaystyle\sum_{j\hspace{.02 in}\in \hspace{.02 in}S} q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\right)\right),\hspace{.03 in}m\right) \;\;\;$.

Each party $i$ lets $q_i$ be $\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\displaystyle\sum_j q_{j,i}\right),\hspace{.03 in}m\right) \:\:$,$\:\:$ and the broadcasts $\:q_i\:$.

Now, $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \: = \: \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum q_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \;\;\;$.



The simplest thing to address is the use of the confidential channel. $\:$ First, if there is any way to
do this against a pure eavesdropper, then key agreement is possible, by letting Alice run one party
with a random $p_i$ from a large range, letting Bob run the others, one of which also has a random
$p_i$ from a large range and the others of which have a $p_i$ of zero, and letting the key be least
significant bits of Alice's $p_i$. $\:$ If secure erasure is allowed, then secure key agreement means
that one can lift from authentic channels to confidential channels. $\:$ If secure erasure is not
allowed, then non-committing key agreement would still suffice for that. $\:$ On the other hand,
if authentic channels are not available, then one must proceed as described in this paper.

The more complicated thing to address is the issue of parties lying about their $\:q_i\:$.
For each ordered pair of parties $\:\langle i\hspace{.01 in},j\hspace{.02 in}\rangle\:$,$\:$ there need to be equivocal commitments to $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ such
that no secrets are needed to verify openings and the commitments and the committed values are computationally independent of the other $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ values. $\;\;\;$ (For the first part, when $i$ and $j$ are different, just have either of them make the commitments and then send the decommit information to the other
of them over a confidential channel. $\:$ The computational independence part is easier than it would normally be because all relevant parties are in communication with each other.) $\:$ Finally, after the parties broadcast the $q_i$ values, the parties must give simultaneous computational zero knowledge arguments of knowledge of how to decommit the $q_{j,i}$ values in a way that is compatible with $q_i$.

fixed one security error and spacing
Source Link
user991
user991

I believe the basic idea is the following:


Choose $m$ so that $\: \sum p_i \:$ can be efficiently recovered from $\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \:\:$.

Each party $i$ chooses $\:n\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\:$ elements $\:q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\:$ of $\:\{0,\hspace{-0.04 in}1,\hspace{-0.03 in}2,\hspace{-0.03 in}3,...,m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}2\hspace{.02 in},m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\hspace{-0.02 in}\}$
independently and almost uniformly, where $j$ ranges over the other parties,
and then sends each to the corresponding other party over a confidential channel.

Each party $i$ lets $S$ be the set of other parties, and then lets $q_{i,i}$ be $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\hspace{.02 in}p_i-\left(\hspace{.02 in}\displaystyle\sum_{j\hspace{.02 in}\in \hspace{.02 in}S} q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\right)\right)\hspace{.04 in},m\right) \;\;\;$$\;\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\hspace{.02 in}p_i-\left(\hspace{.02 in}\displaystyle\sum_{j\hspace{.02 in}\in \hspace{.02 in}S} q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\right)\right),\hspace{.03 in}m\right) \;\;\;$.

Each party $i$ lets $q_i$ be $\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\displaystyle\sum_j q_{j,i}\right)\hspace{.04 in},m\right) \:\:$$\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\displaystyle\sum_j q_{j,i}\right),\hspace{.03 in}m\right) \:\:$,$\:\:$ and the broadcasts $\:q_i\:$.

Now, $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \: = \: \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum q_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \;\;\;$.



The simplest thing to address is the use of the confidential channel. $\:$ First, if there is any way to
do this against a pure eavesdropper, then key agreement is possible, by letting Alice run one party
with a random $p_i$ from a large range, letting Bob run the others, one of which also has a random
$p_i$ from a large range and the others of which have a $p_i$ of zero, and letting the key be least
significant bits of Alice's $p_i$. $\:$ If secure erasure is allowed, then secure key agreement means
that one can lift from authentic channels to confidential channels. $\:$ If secure erasure is not
allowed, then non-committing key agreement would still suffice for that. $\:$ On the other hand,
if authentic channels are not available, then one must proceed as described in this paper.

The more complicated thing to address is the issue of parties lying about their $\:q_i\:$.
For each ordered pair of parties $\:\langle i\hspace{.01 in},j\hspace{.02 in}\rangle\:$,$\:$ there need to be commitmentsequivocal commitments to $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ such that no secrets
arethat no secrets are needed to verify openings and the commitments and the committed values are computationally independent of the other $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ values. $\;\;\;$ (For the first part, when $i$ and $j$ are different, just have either
of of them make the commitments and then sentsend the decommit information to the other of them over
aof them over a confidential channel. $\:$ The computational independence part is easier than it would normally be because all relevant parties are in communication with each other.) $\:$ Finally, after the parties
broadcast broadcast the $q_i$ values, the parties must give simultaneous computational zero knowledge
arguments arguments of knowledge of how to decommit the $q_{j,i}$ values in a way that is compatible with $q_i$.

I believe the basic idea is the following:


Choose $m$ so that $\: \sum p_i \:$ can be efficiently recovered from $\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \:\:$.

Each party $i$ chooses $\:n\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\:$ elements $\:q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\:$ of $\:\{0,\hspace{-0.04 in}1,\hspace{-0.03 in}2,\hspace{-0.03 in}3,...,m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}2\hspace{.02 in},m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\hspace{-0.02 in}\}$
independently and almost uniformly, where $j$ ranges over the other parties,
and then sends each to the corresponding other party over a confidential channel.

Each party $i$ lets $S$ be the set of other parties, and then lets $q_{i,i}$ be $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\hspace{.02 in}p_i-\left(\hspace{.02 in}\displaystyle\sum_{j\hspace{.02 in}\in \hspace{.02 in}S} q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\right)\right)\hspace{.04 in},m\right) \;\;\;$.

Each party $i$ lets $q_i$ be $\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\displaystyle\sum_j q_{j,i}\right)\hspace{.04 in},m\right) \:\:$,$\:\:$ and the broadcasts $\:q_i\:$.

Now, $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \: = \: \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum q_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \;\;\;$.



The simplest thing to address is the use of the confidential channel. $\:$ First, if there is any way to
do this against a pure eavesdropper, then key agreement is possible, by letting Alice run one party
with a random $p_i$ from a large range, letting Bob run the others, one of which also has a random
$p_i$ from a large range and the others of which have a $p_i$ of zero, and letting the key be least
significant bits of Alice's $p_i$. $\:$ If secure erasure is allowed, then secure key agreement means
that one can lift from authentic channels to confidential channels. $\:$ If secure erasure is not
allowed, then non-committing key agreement would still suffice for that. $\:$ On the other hand,
if authentic channels are not available, then one must proceed as described in this paper.

The more complicated thing to address is the issue of parties lying about their $\:q_i\:$.
For each ordered pair of parties $\:\langle i\hspace{.01 in},j\hspace{.02 in}\rangle\:$,$\:$ there need to be commitments to $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ such that no secrets
are needed to verify openings and the commitments and the committed values are computationally independent of the other $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ values. $\;\;\;$ (For the first part, when $i$ and $j$ are different, just have either
of them make the commitments and then sent the decommit information to the other of them over
a confidential channel. $\:$ The computational independence part is easier than it would normally be because all relevant parties are in communication with each other.) $\:$ Finally, after the parties
broadcast the $q_i$ values, the parties must give simultaneous computational zero knowledge
arguments of knowledge of how to decommit the $q_{j,i}$ values in a way that is compatible with $q_i$.

I believe the basic idea is the following:


Choose $m$ so that $\: \sum p_i \:$ can be efficiently recovered from $\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \:\:$.

Each party $i$ chooses $\:n\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\:$ elements $\:q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\:$ of $\:\{0,\hspace{-0.04 in}1,\hspace{-0.03 in}2,\hspace{-0.03 in}3,...,m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}2\hspace{.02 in},m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\hspace{-0.02 in}\}$
independently and almost uniformly, where $j$ ranges over the other parties,
and then sends each to the corresponding other party over a confidential channel.

Each party $i$ lets $S$ be the set of other parties, and then lets $q_{i,i}$ be $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\hspace{.02 in}p_i-\left(\hspace{.02 in}\displaystyle\sum_{j\hspace{.02 in}\in \hspace{.02 in}S} q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\right)\right),\hspace{.03 in}m\right) \;\;\;$.

Each party $i$ lets $q_i$ be $\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\displaystyle\sum_j q_{j,i}\right),\hspace{.03 in}m\right) \:\:$,$\:\:$ and the broadcasts $\:q_i\:$.

Now, $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \: = \: \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum q_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \;\;\;$.



The simplest thing to address is the use of the confidential channel. $\:$ First, if there is any way to
do this against a pure eavesdropper, then key agreement is possible, by letting Alice run one party
with a random $p_i$ from a large range, letting Bob run the others, one of which also has a random
$p_i$ from a large range and the others of which have a $p_i$ of zero, and letting the key be least
significant bits of Alice's $p_i$. $\:$ If secure erasure is allowed, then secure key agreement means
that one can lift from authentic channels to confidential channels. $\:$ If secure erasure is not
allowed, then non-committing key agreement would still suffice for that. $\:$ On the other hand,
if authentic channels are not available, then one must proceed as described in this paper.

The more complicated thing to address is the issue of parties lying about their $\:q_i\:$.
For each ordered pair of parties $\:\langle i\hspace{.01 in},j\hspace{.02 in}\rangle\:$,$\:$ there need to be equivocal commitments to $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ such
that no secrets are needed to verify openings and the commitments and the committed values are computationally independent of the other $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ values. $\;\;\;$ (For the first part, when $i$ and $j$ are different, just have either of them make the commitments and then send the decommit information to the other
of them over a confidential channel. $\:$ The computational independence part is easier than it would normally be because all relevant parties are in communication with each other.) $\:$ Finally, after the parties broadcast the $q_i$ values, the parties must give simultaneous computational zero knowledge arguments of knowledge of how to decommit the $q_{j,i}$ values in a way that is compatible with $q_i$.

Source Link
user991
user991

I believe the basic idea is the following:


Choose $m$ so that $\: \sum p_i \:$ can be efficiently recovered from $\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \:\:$.

Each party $i$ chooses $\:n\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\:$ elements $\:q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\:$ of $\:\{0,\hspace{-0.04 in}1,\hspace{-0.03 in}2,\hspace{-0.03 in}3,...,m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}2\hspace{.02 in},m\hspace{-0.03 in}-\hspace{-0.04 in}1\hspace{-0.02 in}\}$
independently and almost uniformly, where $j$ ranges over the other parties,
and then sends each to the corresponding other party over a confidential channel.

Each party $i$ lets $S$ be the set of other parties, and then lets $q_{i,i}$ be $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\hspace{.02 in}p_i-\left(\hspace{.02 in}\displaystyle\sum_{j\hspace{.02 in}\in \hspace{.02 in}S} q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}\right)\right)\hspace{.04 in},m\right) \;\;\;$.

Each party $i$ lets $q_i$ be $\; \operatorname{mod}\hspace{.02 in}\left(\left(\displaystyle\sum_j q_{j,i}\right)\hspace{.04 in},m\right) \:\:$,$\:\:$ and the broadcasts $\:q_i\:$.

Now, $\;\; \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum p_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \: = \: \operatorname{mod}\left(\sum q_i\hspace{.03 in},m\right) \;\;\;$.



The simplest thing to address is the use of the confidential channel. $\:$ First, if there is any way to
do this against a pure eavesdropper, then key agreement is possible, by letting Alice run one party
with a random $p_i$ from a large range, letting Bob run the others, one of which also has a random
$p_i$ from a large range and the others of which have a $p_i$ of zero, and letting the key be least
significant bits of Alice's $p_i$. $\:$ If secure erasure is allowed, then secure key agreement means
that one can lift from authentic channels to confidential channels. $\:$ If secure erasure is not
allowed, then non-committing key agreement would still suffice for that. $\:$ On the other hand,
if authentic channels are not available, then one must proceed as described in this paper.

The more complicated thing to address is the issue of parties lying about their $\:q_i\:$.
For each ordered pair of parties $\:\langle i\hspace{.01 in},j\hspace{.02 in}\rangle\:$,$\:$ there need to be commitments to $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ such that no secrets
are needed to verify openings and the commitments and the committed values are computationally independent of the other $q_{i,\hspace{.03 in}j}$ values. $\;\;\;$ (For the first part, when $i$ and $j$ are different, just have either
of them make the commitments and then sent the decommit information to the other of them over
a confidential channel. $\:$ The computational independence part is easier than it would normally be because all relevant parties are in communication with each other.) $\:$ Finally, after the parties
broadcast the $q_i$ values, the parties must give simultaneous computational zero knowledge
arguments of knowledge of how to decommit the $q_{j,i}$ values in a way that is compatible with $q_i$.