Theorem: Let y$y$ be a quadratic residue in Z_N*$\mathbb{Z}_N$* where N=pq$N=pq$.
There are exactly four integers x_1, x_2, x_3 and x_4$x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4$ where 0 < x_1 < x_2 < N/2 < x_3 < x_4 < N$0 < x_1 < x_2 < \frac{N}{2} < x_3 < x_4 < N$ such that y = x_i^2 mod N$y = x_i^2 \pmod{N}$ for i =1,2,3,4$i=1,2,3,4$.
The above theorem simply saystates that the exactly two of the four roots must be greater than N/2$\frac{N}{2}$.
Most paperpapers will statesay that this result is well known, without provideproviding any detaildetailed proof. How can we proof 0 < x_1 < x_2 < N/2 < x_3 < x_4 < Nprove that $0 < x_1 < x_2 < \frac{N}{2} < x_3 < x_4 < N$?