At first glimpse, your idea reads like you're blowing up a substitution cypher from "byte-level" to "word/sentence level". Also, I detect an initial but important security problem: you are weakening the crypto using your "blowup" strategy.
Example: encoding "attack at dawn" using your crypto I would end up in 2 substitutions, while even a simple XOR-based crypto would mix up all 14 characters.
MSG: attack at dawn
YOU: green leaf (where "green" means "attack" and "leaf" means "at dawn")
XOR: A_%2G6&§sxH%&d
As you can see: in this case your crypto idea provides only 2/14 of the security compared to a simple XOR approach, which already gives ample indication that it will be pretty easy to analyze and break.
In the end, your idea is probably a good example to show why it's never a good idea to create your own crypto (that is, unless you know what you are doing).
EDIT
Based on the comments OP posted at @Gilles' and my answer, I would like to advise OP to start learning cryptography from scratch, before diving into useless discussions that lead to nowhere.
A good starting point would be the "Handbook of Applied Cryptography" by Ronald L. Rivest.
Personally, I am convinced that it simply doesn't make sense to dive into crypto-analytics as long as OP is missing basic knowledge in the field of cryptography...
A good starting point would be the "Handbook of Applied Cryptography" by Ronald L. Rivest.