I'm stuck with this problem: Assume Alice and Bob are using RSA to communicate each other. Given Bob's public key $(217,7)$, Alice send the ciphertext $c=53$ to Bob through RSA encryption. Now, Eve can read the ciphertext $c$, how can Eve decrypt the ciphertext and read plaintext $m$?
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$\begingroup$ @user30025 Is this (let’s just call it) “homework”? What research have you done? What have you tried? $\endgroup$– e-sushiDec 22, 2015 at 21:07
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Some examples of answers to similar questions:
- Theoretical decryption of RSA
- https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/31433/how-to-decrypt-a-rsa-encrypted-text-file-when-only-public-key-is-known
Hint: $N = 217 =\ ?\ \times\ ?$
In the public key, $e$ is the exponent and $N$ is modulus, therefore $e < N$.
If $m$ is your message, $m^e \mod N = c$ is the cipher.
To decipher you need to find $d$, such as: $d \times e = 1 \mod \phi(N)$.
You will then be able to find $m$: $c^d \mod N = m$
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$\begingroup$ N = 217, public key = 7. You can find them, you know that p and q are prime. $\endgroup$– BivDec 22, 2015 at 20:55
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$\begingroup$ public key is represented as (217, 7), can you please explain me what values are e and n? $\endgroup$ Dec 22, 2015 at 21:00
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$\begingroup$ 1 is not prime. it is N = p * q. Any method to find them is fine, you can even ask google if 217 is prime. :) $\endgroup$– BivDec 22, 2015 at 21:56
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$\begingroup$ You need to factor $N$ not $e$. 7 is prime so it can not be a product of two primes. 217 ist not prime, but consists of two factors (excluding 1 and 217 itself). $\endgroup$– Kevin__Dec 22, 2015 at 21:58
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$\begingroup$ If factoring $N$ was forbidden by the rule of the homework, of If $N$ was too large to factor, there is the option to try every possible plaintext, encipher it using the public key, and check against the ciphertext. $\endgroup$– fgrieu ♦Dec 28, 2015 at 10:37