I know the following construct is insecure if the MAC as defined below is appended to the encrypted message in an Encrypt then Authenticate (EtA) scheme.
$k_1$: encryption key
$k_2$: authentication key
$m_1$: plaintext message
$c_1$: encrypted message (AES-CBC with random iv)
$IV$: from PRNG
where $k_1$ and $k_2$ are independent.
$$MAC = SHA256(m_1 || IV || k_2)$$ $$c1 = AES(k_1, IV, m_1)$$ $$SEND(c1 || MAC)$$
MAC is completely insecure because it is not a proper HMAC as defined by $H((k_1 \oplus opad) || H((k_1 \oplus ipad) || m_1))$. MAC can be easily compromised by an extension attack since the MAC is in the clear.
However, I am trying to determine if the above MAC becomes secure if it is included in the $c_1$ encryption of an Authenticate-then-Encrypt (AtE) scheme.
$$SEND(AES(k_1, IV, m_1 || MAC))$$
MAC is no longer in the clear and should not be vulnerable to the extension attack. I am aware of other general attacks on AtE schemes but my specific question is whether including a $MAC=SHA256(m_1 || IV || k_2)$ in the encrypted ciphertext is cryptographically secure for message authentication.
ie: Decrypt $c_1$ using $k_1$, then immediately verify decrypted MAC with $k_2$.
This is an academic question since in practice I would use AES-GCM for authenticated encryption.