There is a very simple way using proofs of discrete logarithms equality and ElGamal encryption. Let me first recall the following sigma proof of equality of to discret logarithms:
Let $G$ be a prime order group, and let $(a,b,c,d)\in G^4$ be such that there exists $x$ such that $a^x=c$ and $b^x=d$. Let a prover that knows $x$ and that want to prove to a verifier that $\log_a(c) = \log_b(d)$
The prover chooses $r$ and computes $A=a^r$ and $B=b^r$, then he sends $(A,B)$ to the verifier.
The verifier chooses a random $e$ and sends it to the prover. In order to turn it into a non-interactive proof, $e$ can be generated from the hash $H(a||b||c||d||A||B)$ in the random oracle model.
The prover returns $z= r + xe$ to the verifier.
The verifier checks that $a^z=Ac^e$ and $b^z=Bd^e$.
Well, we then show how to use this proof to prove that some ciphertext $c'$ is the randomization of $c$.
We denote by $g$ the generator of a prime order group $G$, by ${\sf pk} \in G$ the public key, and by $m\in G$ the plaintext message.
We parse $c$ as $(c_1,c_2)=(g^r,{\sf pk}^r m)$.
To randomize $c$, Bob chooses $s$ at random and computes $c'=(c'_1,c'_2)=(c_1 g^s , c_2 {\sf pk} ^s) = (g^{r+s},{\sf pk}^{r+s} m)$.
To prove that $c'$ is the randomization of $c$, he proves that $\log_g(\frac{c'_1}{c_1}) = \log_{\sf pk}(\frac{c'_2}{c_2})$ using the secret $s$.
Note that this works because $\frac{c'_1}{c_1}=g^s$ and $\frac{c'_2}{c_2}={\sf pk}^s$ have the same discrete logarithm $s$ iff the ciphertext is correctly randomized.