Ask your friend:
- Do you even have the RSA moduli used by the ransomware?
- If not, even Shor's alogrithm on a real honest-to-goodness large quantum computer is not going to help. And there's no reason for the ransomware to share the RSA moduli with you.
- While RSA ciphertexts/signatures can be deanonymized by the German tank problem, there's not enough information to reconstruct enough of the modulus to apply Shor.
- Do you have a billion euros rattling around in your pocket?
- If not, you can't afford the research and construction for a quantum computer.
- Do you have a couple decades to wait?
- If not, you are too impatient and quantum computers won't be developed in time.
- Do you feel lucky?
- If not, you might have gambled your billion euros and decades of lifetime on a coin coming up heads when actually it's tails and quantum computers can't actually be made to work.
If the answer to any of these questions is ‘no’, your friend's data are hopelessly lost. Advise that your friend invest in solid backups, and specifically in backups that cannot be deleted from the computer they are backing up—if you simply back up to an external USB drive, or simply back up to an S3 bucket with an access key that has authority to create and delete archives, then you are not protected.
Also advise your friend that Geek Squad is not their friend: the FBI cultivates informants at Geek Squad to actively search for material at the FBI's request on any computers they work on and forward their data to the FBI[1][2][3][4].
All that said, using RSA twice doesn't really matter: if you had the RSA moduli, then if made a Shor-capable quantum computer could factor the moduli in only twice the time, and the size of the quantum computer needed is linear in the number of bits in the modulus.