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In Hill Cipher, let's assume the key is "KEYWORD" and I want to encrypt "JUICE", so after encryption, I get "GXLBWU", and when decrypt ciphertext I get back "IUICEX" not "JUICE". So my questions are:

  1. So how do a receiver know where to put "J" after decryption?
  2. Does he just have to guess it?
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  • $\begingroup$ Firstly, remove X that has a very low frequency in English. Next, guess. $\endgroup$
    – kelalaka
    Jul 8, 2019 at 12:01

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"KEYWORD" is a weird format for a Hill cipher, aren't you confused with the Playfair cipher? There you work with a 5x5 matrix where I and J are often conflated into I (as 26 is one too big) and the key-square is filled with a key word.

This is what you seem to be describing.

In the Hill cipher, the key is a 2x2 matrix over some $\mathbb{Z}_n$, often with $n=26$, which is inconveniently non-prime, not a word. No I and J merging are needed there; we can choose any $n \ge 26$ and add extra characters (like spaces) for convenience.

Back to your question, which I think is probably Playfair: the convention is to remove final padding (often X or Z), needed to create bigrams and then context determines whether a received I means I or J. Spaces also need to be filled in, or maybe X is used for that too. It's one of the disadvantages of hand systems with built-in limitations like this.

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