# Security of this PRF [closed]

Given $$F$$ a secure PRF with input size $$\lambda$$. Define $$F'$$ as

$$F'(k,x||x') = F(k, 0||x)\oplus F(k, 1||x')$$

with $$x$$ and $$x'$$ of $$\lambda-1$$ bits.

Is $$F'$$ a secure PRF?

## closed as off-topic by fkraiem, kelalaka, AleksanderRas, yyyyyyy, Maarten Bodewes♦Aug 18 at 13:57

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No, $$F'$$ is not a secure PRF. There exists an efficient distinguisher $$D$$, which can distuingish between $$F'$$ and $$f$$ with overwhelming probability.
Imagine D asks her two oracles for the value of $$F'(k,x'\mathbin\Vert x')$$ and $$f(x' \mathbin\Vert x')$$.
$$D$$ additionally asks the following queries from her oracle: $$F'(k,x\mathbin\Vert x')=F(k,0\mathbin\Vert x)\oplus F(k,1\mathbin\Vert x')$$ $$F'(k,x\mathbin\Vert x'')=F(k,0\mathbin\Vert x)\oplus F(k,1\mathbin\Vert x'')$$ $$F'(k,x'\mathbin\Vert x'')=F(k,0\mathbin\Vert x')\oplus F(k,1\mathbin\Vert x'')$$
Finally if she xor's all three of these values she can obtain $$F'(k,x'\mathbin\Vert x')$$: $$F'(k,x\mathbin\Vert x')\oplus F'(k,x\mathbin\Vert x'')\oplus F'(k,x'\mathbin\Vert x'')=F(k,0\mathbin\Vert x)\oplus F(k,1\mathbin\Vert x')\oplus F(k,0\mathbin\Vert x)\oplus F(k,1\mathbin\Vert x'')\oplus F(k,0\mathbin\Vert x')\oplus F(k,1\mathbin\Vert x'')=F(k,0\mathbin\Vert x')\oplus F(k,1\mathbin\Vert x')=F'(k,x'\mathbin\Vert x').$$
Therefore she can distinguish between $$F'$$ and $$f$$ with overwhelming probability. $$D$$ is trivially efficient (runs in polynomial time), as it only uses $$3$$ oracle queries.