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### Many time pad attack (XOR) [duplicate]

The question is quite similar to Many time pad attack and I was trying to rely on the top answer, but still am a bit confused, so any explanation and help will be much appreciated. Assume I have a ...
4k views

### decryption many time pad [duplicate]

I have eleven ciphertexts that were encrypted with the same key (which I don't know). I want to decrypt the last ciphertext. I read similar question like Many time pad attack but I can't solve my ...
498 views

### XOR and key reuse [duplicate]

I've been doing a bit of reading on the use of XOR and the dangers of key reuse. I'm aware that reusing a key can open a door for a frequency analysis attack on my plain text. So far, everything ...
2k views

### Stream Cipher : Never use stream cipher key more than once [duplicate]

Possible Duplicate: Taking advantage of one-time pad key reuse? How does one attack a two-time pad (i.e. one time pad with key reuse)? Denote C is cipher text, m is message, and PRG(k) is a ...
908 views

### many time pad attack [duplicate]

I am a beginner in cryptography. I studied many time pad attack and now I want to solve a popular exercise, It consists 11 ciphertexts (s1,s2,...,s11), that encrypted by a same key and I want to find ...
2k views

### Solving for a One-time pad cipher help ; crib dragging doesnt work (no surprise) [duplicate]

Basically we're given the text 7ECC555AB95BF6EC605E5F22B772D2B34FF4636340D32FABC29B 73CB4855BE44F6EC60594C2BB47997B60EEE303049CD3CABC29B 64C6401BAF45F6A930435F3DF875C4E102F8742A45C824AFCA9B ...
961 views

### Two-timing a one-time pad [duplicate]

Is a one-time pad still breakable on a depth of 2+ if the plaintext is completely random? I'm assuming this idea is wrong, mostly because it occurred to me, but let me walk you through my logic so ...
734 views

### What is the significance of the Period of a Steam Cipher [duplicate]

If we only know the period of a Stream Cipher, let's say 150-200 bit in length, how can we use this information to attack a stream cipher? Taking a look at this link, What is the period of a cipher? ...
636 views

### How can I find two strings $m_1$ and $m_2$, knowing that I know $m_1 \oplus m_2$? [duplicate]

Possible Duplicate: How does one attack a two-time pad (i.e. one time pad with key reuse)? I recently started to follow the cryptography class of Dan Boneh on coursera.org and the first part is ...
321 views

### How can I find the original message of two encrypted (Vernam Cipher) text without the key [duplicate]

Can I get the steps or the solution if possible?
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Why is it that a one time pad is vulnerable is the key is shorter than the message? I know that if a key is reused across multiple plaintexts, you can XOR two existing ciphertexts to get the pad, but ...
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### Decrypt Messages With Reused Pad [duplicate]

I have 2 messages which have been encrypted using the same pad. I know that if i xor these 2 messages together the key falls out. I am confused in how to figure out what the 2 messages are from the ...
63 views

### What to do with this specific scenario of a key reuse [duplicate]

I am brand new to the world of cryptogrophy. I am trying to decrypt a many-time-pad. I understand the methodology of using the XOR to get the messages. C1 XOR C2 = M1 XOR M2 Now my question lies in ...
45 views

### Computing A, B given A+K and B+K [duplicate]

In his writeup of the Solitaire keystream generator algorithm, Bruce Schneier warns not to use the same key for two different messages: The first rule of an output-feedback mode stream cipher, any ...
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### Vernam/OTP repeated pad vulnerability [duplicate]

One thing I know about the Vernam cipher is that the key must not be repeated over the plain-text, for example: ...
95k views

Suppose Alice wants to send encryptions (under a one-time pad) of $m_1$ and $m_2$ to Bob over a public channel. Alice and Bob have a shared key $k$; however, both messages are the same length as the ...
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### Is one-time pad encryption vulnerable when near identical data is sent many times with different OTP?

Let's assume a text file that grows at its very end but is otherwise not edited. We now have 100 transmissions of this, but OTP-encrypted (different OTP each time, of course). The first 50% of the ...
30k views

### How to attack a “many-time pad” based on what happens when an ASCII space is XORed with a letter?

I've already sent my correct solution to a homework exercise from Dan Boneh's Introduction to Cryptography class on Coursera: "Let us see what goes wrong when a stream cipher key is used more ...
18k views

### Why must IV/key-pairs not be reused in CTR mode?

Many sources mention that IVs must not be reused with the same key in CTR mode, for encrypting 2 different pieces of data, because that totally destroys security - but I haven't found an explanation ...
3k views

### Which encryption method supports random reads?

I have a file containing 16-bit samples and I want to encrypt it, but the problem is that I need to be able to read any random 16-bit value from the file, and be to able to decrypt it, without reading ...
3k views

### random access stream cipher

Some time ago I was working in a pet project for a type of database engine. And I thought about securing the data in disk with encryption.. and since the main code was already developed.. I had a few ...
1k views

### Can the same One-Time-Pad be re-used with some tricks

Let’s say I have a message $m$ of $n$ bits. And a predetermined pad of $k*n$ bits. And for every bit $b$ of this message $m$, I’m creating random sequence $s$ of $k$ bits. I also have a predetermined ...
4k views

### Security of very simple XOR with random? [duplicate]

I am currently trying to implement a very fast and simple encryption algorithm in Lua for the purpose of using it with ComputerCraft. The main problem is that bitwise operations in Lua (5.2 at least) ...
1k views

### What are some real-world examples where one-time-pad encryption is used or can be used?

I understood that one-time-pad (OTP) encryption ensures perfect secrecy. However, I couldn't find any real-world examples where an OTP was used. Also, what are some real-world examples where it won't ...
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### What is the role of IV in Stream Cipher? Why is it needed and what is it's importance?

I ran into this problem when I read the stream ciphers and did not find a satisfactory answer. Why is an IV needed in stream ciphers, and what is the importance of using it?
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### Vigenère cipher: Security when key length and plaintext length are the same

I have read the Vigenère cipher is secure as long as the key length is the same as the length of the data to be ciphered. Is this true when the same key is used multiple times? In such cases, after ...
2k views

### is it possible to get key in One time pad if key is reused?

In one time pad, if $$\text{cipherText1} \oplus \text{cipherText2} = \text{plainText1} \oplus \text{plainText2}$$ then is it possible to find out key by 2 cipherText and plainText's X-or?
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### Is the following symmetric design secure?

Assume: $O$ be a reversible random permutation oracle on a finite set and $O^{-1}$ the inverse permutation (pretty much equivalent to a random permutation: What is the difference between a bijective ...
511 views

### What is the significance of IV in stream ciphers like Trivium?

In Trivium cipher, an 80-bit key and 80-bit IV (initialization vector) are used initially to set up the initial state. I would like to know, Role of IV in stream cipher? Can we make IV a secret ...
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### What if message is longer than keystream ?

I have read that stream ciphers can be used to encrypt messages/streams of arbitrary length (cf. the description of the stream cipher tag). However, there are stream ciphers that create a keystream of ...
744 views

### Decrypting ciphertext that is missing a block

In the AES encryption, suppose that the key is known. The ciphertext is also known except for a block of the same size as the key. For example, the adversary knows $k, c_0, c_1, \dots, c_{n - 1}$; ...
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### AES 128 bits with 12 bytes IV vector composed of a 4 bytes counter : safe?

I have a 128 bits AES cypher (GCM, Galois/Counter Mode) using a 12-byte initialization vector (IV) composed of: 8 constant bytes: 6 bytes (device ID) 2 bytes (zero) 4 bytes (incrementing frame ...
512 views

### One time pad - how is the difference in length between the plain text & the OTP handled?

Since OTP have to be agreed upon in advance, they may be longer than the plaintext. So in this case, how is the encryption done? Is the OTP truncated to the same length of the plaintext before ...
2k views

### Key length requirement in a simple XOR implementation

I don't have much previous experience at all with cryptography, this is pretty much the first time I've tried anything similar. I'm trying to implement an extremely simple XOR encryption system in ...
329 views

### Decrypting two XORed compressed messages?

If through a previous attack, cipher misuse or two time pad etc. I receive $c=m_1 \oplus m_2$. Where $m_1$ and $m_2$ are compressed messages, for instance GZIPped English text documents. Can we ...
781 views

### What does it mean when two encrypted files, encrypted with the same method but with different keys, when xor'd together, produce a repeating pattern?

Let's say I have fileA and fileB, both encrypted somehow, but in the same method with different keys. If I xor them together, they will make a repeating pattern of 32 bytes length. What does that say ...
2k views

### problem with “one time pad” [closed]

I am a french student and I read the post on the forums (How does one attack a two-time pad (i.e. one time pad with key reuse)?). I need your help if possible. I 'm 11 encrypted messages , all ...
702 views

### Little problem with Vernam Cipher

We have got a task with the following content: Given is a language with 3 letters: A, B, C. The binary expression is: A = 000, B = 1111 and C = 0011 Two ...
898 views

### Does ChaCha20 counter actually increment through iterations?

RFC defines: state = constants | key | counter | nonce Suggested on multiple places is to set counter to 0 or 1. It is still ...
319 views

### What are the vulnerabilities of this OTP-like system?

I've read that a OTP is only perfectly secure if the key is perfectly random, and the pad is never reused. If you encrypt documents using two keys, where one is random but stays constant for some ...
272 views

### Modification of vigenere cipher cryptographically secure?

After looking for ages online for a python implementation of the Vigenere cipher, and finding few, I decided to implement it myself. After ironing out all of the flaws, it's now a working (and secure) ...
723 views

### File using same key on XOR cipher. Using CBC [closed]

I have some files that are encrypted using an unknown key and it's using the CBC method to encrypt the files. When I XOR two files together the first two bytes are always the same, but different for ...
330 views

### How to attack a two time pad if the plain text is randomized?

As an extension to this quesiton, or this one how would you go about attacking a re used pad if the plaintext was randomized before being encrypted? ...
844 views

### One-Time-Pad with key-reuse: Faster way of decrypting?

I know there are already of few questions about this and I'm working with the advices that were given but I still doubt my approach is the fastest, so I'd really appreciate if you helped me find a ...
468 views

### How to know the difference between two ciphertexts without key stream in stream ciphers [duplicate]

If I have two cipher texts lets say $C_1$ and $C_2$ of the same length encrypted through stream cipher technique using the same keystream. Let's say they are: C_1: \texttt{96 C6 A1 08 E7 F2 33 3B ...
467 views

In my assignment there is a bonus question: It asks me to decrypt a file which has been encrypted using an One-Time-Pad. But the ciphertext seems to contain english word fragments and other parts ...
318 views

### If you have a file and XOR every bit with a random bit, can you extract any information?

Say you have a file that is not random, and you XOR every bit with a random bit (not pseudo, but really random). Can someone who sees only the result extract any information from it? Obviously, it won'...
178 views

### Why don't most encryption algorithms use perfect secrecy?

Isn't it possible to make algorithms that are both computationally complex and have many possible answers if you try to crack them without knowing the password? Why aren't many popular algorithms like ...