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### Easy explanation of “IND-” security notions?

There are many schemes that can advertise themselves with certain security notions, usually IND-CPA or IND-CCA2, for example plain ElGamal has IND-CPA security but doesn't provide IND-CCA security. ...
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### Prove the Security of Schnorr's Signature Scheme

I know that Schnorr's signature is important since it is one of the most compact signature schemes whose security has been proved in the random oracle model. Now, I want to know if such proof is ...
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### Is there a cryptographic approach to availability

Background Cryptography can be said to provide the tools used to fulfill the goals of information security. The three pillars of information security are confidentiality, integrity, and ...
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### What exactly is a digital signature?

I am aware of basics of public key encryption algorithms , for eg. RSA. If A wants to send a message to B, A uses the public key of B to encrypt the message A wants to send to B, and only B can ...
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### Benefits of signing RSA-encrypted data?

I recently came across this (PDF) journal article, which describes what it calls "A New Design Of A Hybrid Encryption Algorithm" (which I must say, doesn't sound very novel, even in 2014!): An AES ...
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### Is it possible to combine digital signature to provide message addition?

Let's assume we are using the textbook RSA where $Sig(x)=x^d$. Alice has public key $(e,N)$, and private key $(d,p,q)$. Now, if Alice sends $Sig(5)$ and $Sig(10)$ to Bob, where $5$ and $10$ is just ...
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### Are tags longer than 128 bit possible for AES-256-CCM and AES-256-GCM?

I have an existing application that uses AES-256-CBC for encrypting data blocks, and HMAC-SHA-256 on the plaintext for eliminating duplicate data blocks. For performance reasons, I would like to move ...
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### Is there any theory to measures and determine the strength of an encryption protocol?

To determine the strength of an encryption protocol, there are elements like key size, Strength of an algorithm, Performance of an algorithm or etc, I have studied these topics but I could not find ...
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### Selective Forgery of a Digital Signature - Goldwasser et al

I am working though the paper of Goldwasser, Micali and Rivest ''A Digital Signature Scheme Secure Against Adaptive Chosen- Message Attacks'' In the hierarchy of the severity of breaking the ...
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### Does Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES) provide IND-CCA2 security?

I am looking for a faster alternative to RSA with OAEP as a IND-CCA2 public key scheme. Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme might be a candidate, but I am not sure if it provides IND-CCA2 ...
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### Does this pairing-based signature scheme work?

Suppose $g$ is a pairing-friendly elliptic curve with subgroup generators $G_1$ and $G_2$. Suppose also that $M$ is the message I want to sign. Setup Compute $A = a \cdot G_1$ and $P = p \cdot G_2$, ...
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### What's wrong with this digital signature scheme?

With regards to user authentication... The server sends Alice a randomly chosen number. Alice signs the number and sends the signature back to the server. The server checks the signature using Alice'...
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### Does this simple signature scheme work?

Let's say my public key is defined as $P = p \cdot G$, where $p$ is my private key and $G$ is a generator point of an elliptic curve. If I wanted to sign a message $m$, could I do the following? Hash ...
$H(m\mathbin\Vert k)$ as an authentication algorithm, where $H: \{0, 1\}^* \rightarrow \{0, 1\}^{n}$, has at most a strength equivalent to $\frac{n}{2}$ bits. \$H((k^\prime \oplus \mathrm{opad})\...