Questions tagged [elgamal-encryption]
ElGamal is a public key encryption scheme with security based on the discrete logarithm problem.
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How does this libgcrypt elgamal decryption work?
Update: The question below was asked before I realized that this is being done to prevent a side channel attack: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5p8v-2xvp-pwmc
What I am still curious about, is the ...
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Is there a special limit in the range of the hash function?
Is there a special limit in the range of the hash function?
More specifically, is it possible that there is a cryptographic hash function that outputs c-membered subsets of the n-membered set?
In ...
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Do the El Gamal Mix-Nets remove the link <ciphertext, sender's IP address>?
By "El Gamal Mix-Nets" i mean re-encryption (only) Mix-Nets.
Suppose that:
N Mix-Nets
Client: Alice
Server: Bob
Alice sends, via Mix-Nets, a message to Bob.
Questions:
is Bob able to ...
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Are real-or-random model and LR-model are equivalent?
Are real-or-random(rr) model and LR-model are equivalent?
In the definition of ciphertext indistinguishability, LR-model is used. However I think rr model and LR model are somewhat equivalent.
Here is ...
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Zero secret key in EC ElGamal: standards vs theory
I'm a bit confused by the standards and some replies regarding zero (the point at infinity) in elliptic curves ElGamal.
TL;DR: Why do some people recommend excluding zero? It has nothing to do with ...
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Is it possible to use Batching with any of the Partial Homomorphic Cryptosystems?
I'm familiar with the concept of batching in the context of (Fully) Homomorphic Encryption - whereby many values can be encrypted as a single ciphertext and operated on simultaneously in an SIMD/...
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What is the best choice of the base g in El-Gamal PKC
I have just read in a book that in El-Gamal PKC, the best choice of a base g is a number whose order in the field ($\mathbb{F}_p$) is a large prime, and added: "approximately = $\frac{p}{2}$"...
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On a public e-voting, how do I keep the votes from being disclosed prematurely without a trustee?
I am trying1 to build a Proof Of Concept of a e-voting scheme on a blockchain. Before the elaboration, the question:
On a public e-voting, how do I keep the votes from being disclosed prematurely ...
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ElGamal cryptosystem
ElGamal cryptosystem provides multiplicative homomorphic property which can also be converted to additive homomorphic property. Can we use both properties simultaneously? For example, we want to ...
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How to reduce Diffie Hellman problem to ElGamal?
I'm trying to answer without success questions (ii - iv)
Any hint will be appreciated :)
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Range proof for elgamal ciphertext
Alice has an ElGamal public key $y=g^x$. Bob encrypts a value $g^b$ based on Alice's Elgamal public key and he ends up with a ciphertext $(g^by^r, g^r)$. Can Bob prove that the value $b$ is in some ...
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Can I prove that from a set of ciphertexts one is encrypting $g^0$ and the others are encrypting $g^b$ where $b$ is a negative value?
Consider for example this set of encrypted values under the Elgamal keys $y_0$,$y_1$,$y_2$: $$
Enc_{y0}(g^0),Enc_{y1}(g^{-20}),Enc_{y2}(g^{-10})
$$
Can I prove that one value is $g^0$ and the others ...
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How to decrypt a homomorphically modified ciphertext in Elgamal cryptosystem?
From the wiki, we know that to encrypt a message $M$ using Elgmal encryption, one should firstly map the message $M$ to an element $m$ of G using a reversible mapping function, then run the ElGamal ...
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Using ElGamal instead of RSA in FDH
In RSA-FDH to sign a message $m$, we apply a hash function $H$ and then "decrypt" it using the private key $d$, so $Sign(m) = H(m)^d \mod N =: \sigma$ and then to verify, we use the public ...
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ElGamal same private and random key attack
I'm having difficulty understanding this.
Consider two messages are encrypted using the same cyclic group of order $q$, generator $g$, private key $x$, and random parameter $y$.
The attacker knows a ...
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ElGamal same private and random key attack
I'm having difficulty understanding this.
Consider two messages are encrypted using the same cyclic group order $q$, generator $g$, private key $x$, and random parameter $y$.
The attacker knows a ...
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Zero Knowledge proof of correct ElGamal encryption
Suppose for $sk = x$, $pk = g^x$ we encrypt message $m$ with ElGamal encryption as $(g^r,m\cdot pk^r)$. My goal is to prove that I performed the encryption correctly, i.e. that the same $r$ is used ...
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ElGamal-based BBS proxy re-encryption implementation?
are there any available tools/libraries that implement the idea of EIGamal-based proxy re-encryption scheme shown below? Preferably in Golang. Thank you!
Source of this picture: https://www.cs.jhu....
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EC ElGamal multiplicatively Homomorphic
Can we make EC ElGamal have multiplicative homomorphic property?
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Distributed key generation when all parties need to participate
Suppose $n$ parties where $t$ are honest want to perform a distributed key generation protocol. There are many existing schemes. In the simpler setting where all $n$ parties must be online, otherwise ...
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What is a secure, modern, partially homomorphic encryption scheme?
I was reading this paper by Philippe Golle on using the homomorphic properties of ElGamal encryption to play a game of mental poker (i.e. cryptographically secure poker without a trusted third party ...
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Could someone explain to me in simple terms why we need a large order of group G for Diffie-Hellman and what does that mean?
For El-gamal encryption, safe prime p is used such that p = 2q+1. However, can someone explain to me in simple terms why we would need in this context a large order of G and how it will contribute in ...
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Can voters be authorities at the same time?
There is an encryption scheme where the votes are encrypted with ElGamal and the decryption key is the secret that is shared among the authorities. After everybody voted they publish their part of the ...
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Decryption of an El Gamal re encryption mixnet
I have interest in e-voting and am currently trying to understand El Gamal re-encryption mixnet.
I understand how El Gamal encryption works and how mixnet works but what's not cristal clear for me is ...
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Generate keypair in Swift - ElGamal
I have a problem..
I cannot generate a private / public key pair (Elgamal - p256) in SWIFT.
Do you have an example or a link to guide me please ?
I continue my research..
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How to Prove Correct Decryption in ElGamal Cryptosystem
I am working on a project that uses ElGamal cryptography using multiplicative notation. The project is an internet voting implementation that uses the cryptosystem to encrypt the received ballots, re-...
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Prove that Two Re-encryptions of the Same ElGamal Pair have the Same Decryptions
I'm working on an internet election system that requires the shuffling of ballots accompanied by an interactive proof of the legitimacy of the shuffle. I am working on this paper and I am stuck at the ...
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ElGamal with elliptic curves and semantic security
To encrypt a group element $P$ with public key $K$ and randomness $r$ using ElGamal on elliptic curves with base point $G$ we do the following $(c_1, c_2) = (r\cdot G; P+r\cdot K)$.
When we want to ...
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Using GP/PARI how would you solve this randomised Elgamal question?
I know how to solve this question manually, but I don't know how to solve it using the program gp/pari. It is based on randomised Elgamal
Let p = 739. Given the following ciphertext of some message m1 ...
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ElGamal, message > p
Assume that we have:
p = 89
g = 5
public key: 17
private key: 73
If we try to encrypt message M = 53 (M < p), then we get (c1, c2) == (55, 67) and further ...
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Decrypting a ciphertext in ElGamal's cryptosystem
I am a student in computer science currently working on a problem set in cryptography (practical problem but stuck on the math part).
Basically, suppose we receive a message that has been encrypted ...
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Understanding Practical Differences Between ElGamal and Diffie-Hellman
I've been tasked with building a Web Assembly site that implements E2EE. I was thinking of using ElGamal Encryption to encrypt the message and Diffie-Hellman to establish the key. After doing further ...
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What is the quadratic character of the field over which elliptic curve is defined?
I'm trying to understand the injective encoding of a message to an elliptic curve point (from this paper).
However, I'm not sure what do they mean by the quadratic character of the field. Do you know ...
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How to prove lifted ElGamal encryption with square root communication?
I'm looking for a more efficient solution to prove the correctness of multiple ciphertexts sent to different parties are correct.
The background is that $P_i$ uses lifted ElGamal encryption to encrypt ...
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Decryption of ElGamal ciphertext
If someone says that the decryption of an ElGamal ciphertext is "x", how can I be sure that the real value is "x" and not "y", even if he is the owner of the respective ...
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Group Signature by Camenisch and Stadler
Page 8, Paper: "Efficient Group Signature Schemes for Large Groups" by Camenisch and Stadler
(1)
I was trying to understand membership certificate part. I am have only basic knowledge of ...
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malleability of the Elgamal cryptosystem
In bidding for a contract, a company might outbid its competitor by simply multiplying its rival company’s encrypted bid by 0.9, without even knowing the bid. Now Suppose we are given the ciphertext c ...
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Short randomness in ElGamal and Paillier
In the Paillier cryptosystem the encryption of $m \in \mathbb{Z}_N$ with randomness $r \in \mathbb{Z}_n^*$ is $c = g^m r^n \bmod{n^2}$.
My question is, what if short (E.g. 512bits) $r$ is used? ...
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Can I use a certificate authority with Elgamal encryption?
Can I use a certificate authority with Elgamal encryption? Is this type of keys in CA?
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Asymmetric encryption scheme with the shortest output for encrypting 1 byte of information
Imagine that one needs to periodically encrypt very short messages (i.e., a boolean Yes/No, a single byte, or 3-4 bytes in the worst case). We assume that there is no session, and we just need to ...
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How to calculate the n in n-bit security of a crypto algorithm?
I think I'm likely missing the term because searching for this is coming up with not so precise results. I'm looking to calculate the n-bit security of say Paillier vs ElGamal vs EC ElGamal, when I ...
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Paillier versus Lifted ElGamal for homomorphic addition for e-voting
I'm looking to create an anonymous e-Voting system which will assign a certain number of bits to each candidate during a vote, e.g. 010000 for Alice, 000100 for Bob, and 000001 for Charlie. It works ...
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How are the points computed in the ElGamal elliptic curve encryption algorithm?
I was looking at an example of the ElGamal encryption operation here (page 24), but I can't seem to understand why:
$$\beta = 3(10, 3) = (10, 8)$$
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ElGamal and Pailler combined
currently I am working on some secure accounting application. I have few requirements:
Application should store items which can be searched by name.
Every item has price and tax.
Every invoice ...
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Is it possible to apply the El Gamal encryption/decryption technique using Edwards curve in Montgomery form
I've been trying to understand the ElGamal encryption/decryption technique. I plan to use it for sending a private message to the server. That is: Alice needs to send $Pm$ (private message encoded via ...
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Difficult to guess the targeted receiver
The protocol is defined as :
Bob want to send message to one of his friends say $k$ friends , he does not want his others friends (except one whom he want to send message ) to tell who is targeted ...
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Can you obtain private key d and compute plaintext from El-Gamal?
Given an Elgamal encryption scheme with public parameters $k_{pub}=(p,\alpha,\beta)$ and an unknown private key $k_{pr}=d$.
Due to an erroneous implementation of the random number generator of the ...
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Zero-knowledge proof of knowledge of a plaintext in exponential ElGamal
Consider the exponential ElGamal cryptosystem over some group $G$ with generator $g$. Let $m$ be a plaintext, and $(R, C) = (g^r, g^m \cdot y^r)$ an encryption thereof for some public key $y$.
Assume ...
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Zero Knowledge Proof: Prove correct ElGamal encryption without leaking message
I know it is possible to prove zero knowledge that a given ElGamal ciphertext $(c,d)$ encrypts a plaintext belonging to some set ($\{0,1\}$ is frequently used for electronic voting applications).
Next ...
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Modified ElGamal encryption (ElGamal encryption with messages in the exponent ) is implemented in a pairing friendly elliptic curve. Is it secure?
In my scenario, I need to distinguish if the encrypted message is 0 or not. The message is encrypted by Elgamal encryption but with the message in the exponent. i.e. $(C,R)=(g^my^r,g^r)$ where $y$ is ...
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