Questions tagged [elgamal-encryption]
ElGamal is a public key encryption scheme with security based on the discrete logarithm problem.
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Dealing with MITM attack in e-voting systems
I've read many e-voting papers that use El-Gamal scheme which I recall is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attack, yet I find no discussion or even mentioning of it in those papers.
-Does anyone knows ...
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ElGamal signature scheme problem and unsure whether my calculations are wrong or that's the answer
Trying to solve problem with verifying a message through the ElGamal signature scheme and I end up getting two different values.
I'm given a prime number p=881
, e1=3,
d=60
, and a random value r=11
. ...
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Is ElGamal secure if we fix the generator for all users?
In the ElGamal cipher, the key generation algorithm needs to randomly sample a generator g and test whether g is a safe generator or not each time. I wonder whether we can use a fixed safe generator ...
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Why exclude the last group element when picking Elgamal secret key
Christof Paar explains in his lectures that Elgamal encryption scheme picks the private key from $\{2, \ldots, p-2\}$, is there a reason for excluding the last and first elements?
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Efficient oblivous test of plaintext equality for pairs of sets
Suppose we have two sets of ElGamal cipher texts encrypted with the same public key $y$ in a prime order group:
$C_i = (g^{r_i}, a_i y^{r_i}) $ for $ i \in \{1 ... n\}$
and
$D_j = (g^{s_j}, b_j y^{s_i}...
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Equality of ElGamal plaintext & Pedersen commitment message
Let's imagine two entities: Bob and Alice. Bob's public key is $B = bG$. Alice's public key is $A = aG$.
Alice encrypts her number $n$ with Bob's public key so Bob could decrypt it ($n$ is small ...
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Why modified version of ElGamal is used on JCJ e-voting scheme?
I was reading the Coercion-Resistant Electronic Election paper and don't understand why the authors chose a modified version of ElGamal.
I guess that it was for security reasons. If so, what are the ...
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How to prove the correct decryption of several (ElGamal) ciphertexts in a batch？
I know how to prove the correct decryption of a (ElGamal) ciphertext.
The above protocol is from the paper: Bootle J, Cerulli A, Chaidos P, et al. Short accountable ring signatures based on DDH[C]//...
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Hiding property of Elgamal-like bit commitment
An Elgamal-like bit commitment scheme:
Let $\langle g \rangle$ be a group of order $n$, where $n$ is a large prime.
Let $h\in_{R}\langle g \rangle\setminus\{1\}$ denotes a random group element such ...
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What is the space that exponents of ElGamal encryption scheme live?
It is a bit stupid question, but I am so confused. Please examine my explanation. What is the space that exponents the generator $g$ of a cyclic group $G$ of prime order $p$?
I think it is $\mathbb{Z}...
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Text to Divisor Class Encoding in Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography
When trying to implement ElGamal Public Key Encryption using Hyperelliptic Curves, one needs to map the message that will be encrypted to a valid Divisor (in my case in the Mumford representation, ...
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To prove equality/inequality of plaintexts of 2 ciphertexts encypted under different encryption schemes
We have 2 ciphertexts, one encrypted using Paillier and another encrypted under Elgamal encryption schemes. Is there a way to design ZK-proof to prove equality of the underlying plaintexts of these 2 ...
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What bitlength should I use for generating primes for a ElGamal Encryption Cyclic Group (given the data to encrypt has a short time-value vector)?
I am generating large prime numbers to create a cyclic group for ElGamal encryption, I can specify the bit-length n but want to limit the size because this will ultimately allow me to limit the amount ...
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Anonymized Spatial Conflict Assessment - Suggested Approaches?
Scenario:
There are 3 people: PERSON1, PERSON2, and PERSON3
PERSON1 and PERSON2 each have a 2-dimensional polygon on an x,y
plane
It is PERSON3's job to assess whether the polygons overlap
However, ...
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Dynamic Distributed Key Generation for elGamal
I am looking for a scheme for dynamic threshold public-key encryption, which includes dynamic distributed key generation.
Namely, the number of parties that participate in DKG is bounded, but unknown. ...
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Elliptic curve ElGamal cryptosystems [closed]
I have been working through a book on cryptography and have recently come across elliptic curves. This particular question has me stumped and the book isn't much help, unfortunately. I was wondering ...
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Solving DDH from an ElGamal adversary
Suppose an adversary wins IND-CPA against ElGamal,
They're given public key $h=g^x$,
Give a pair of messages $m = [m0,m1]$,
Get back ciphertext $(a,b) = (g^r, g^{xr} \cdot g^{m[b]})$,
from which ...
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Proving same value in ciphertext and Pedersen commitment Using Sigma Zero Knowledge
Let we have 2 generator $G$ and $H$ in any elliptic curve.
A prover creates a ciphertext with Homomorphic ElGamal, $(r_1G,\;mG + r_1P)$ such that $r_1$ is random and $P$ is public key of the prover.
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Proxy Re-Encryption based on standard ElGamal
ElGamal-based BBS proxy re-encryption is well known, but it works on a variant of ElGamal like ($mg^r$,$g^{xr})$ not standard ElGamal ($g^r$,$mg^{xr}$). After reading the original paper, I found the ...
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Using exponential elgemal on ecc to encrypt and aggregate binary values
I am trying to implement an electronic voting scheme which uses the exponential version of elgamal cryptosystem, voters encrypt their votes for each candidate and send them all to the ballot box. Now ...
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How does this libgcrypt elgamal decryption work?
Update: The question below was asked before I realized that this is being done to prevent a side channel attack: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5p8v-2xvp-pwmc
What I am still curious about, is the ...
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Is there a special limit in the range of the hash function?
Is there a special limit in the range of the hash function?
More specifically, is it possible that there is a cryptographic hash function that outputs c-membered subsets of the n-membered set?
In ...
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Are real-or-random model and LR-model are equivalent?
Are real-or-random(rr) model and LR-model are equivalent?
In the definition of ciphertext indistinguishability, LR-model is used. However I think rr model and LR model are somewhat equivalent.
Here is ...
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Zero secret key in EC ElGamal: standards vs theory
I'm a bit confused by the standards and some replies regarding zero (the point at infinity) in elliptic curves ElGamal.
TL;DR: Why do some people recommend excluding zero? It has nothing to do with ...
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Is it possible to use Batching with any of the Partial Homomorphic Cryptosystems?
I'm familiar with the concept of batching in the context of (Fully) Homomorphic Encryption - whereby many values can be encrypted as a single ciphertext and operated on simultaneously in an SIMD/...
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On a public e-voting, how do I keep the votes from being disclosed prematurely without a trustee?
I am trying1 to build a Proof Of Concept of a e-voting scheme on a blockchain. Before the elaboration, the question:
On a public e-voting, how do I keep the votes from being disclosed prematurely ...
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ElGamal cryptosystem
ElGamal cryptosystem provides multiplicative homomorphic property which can also be converted to additive homomorphic property. Can we use both properties simultaneously? For example, we want to ...
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How to reduce Diffie Hellman problem to ElGamal?
I'm trying to answer without success questions (ii - iv)
Any hint will be appreciated :)
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Range proof for ElGamal ciphertext
Alice has an ElGamal public key $y=g^x$. Bob encrypts a value $g^b$ based on Alice's Elgamal public key and he ends up with a ciphertext $(g^by^r, g^r)$. Can Bob prove that the value $b$ is in some ...
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Can I prove that from a set of ciphertexts one is encrypting $g^0$ and the others are encrypting $g^b$ where $b$ is a negative value?
Consider for example this set of encrypted values under the Elgamal keys $y_0$,$y_1$,$y_2$: $$
Enc_{y0}(g^0),Enc_{y1}(g^{-20}),Enc_{y2}(g^{-10})
$$
Can I prove that one value is $g^0$ and the others ...
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How to decrypt a homomorphically modified ciphertext in Elgamal cryptosystem?
From the wiki, we know that to encrypt a message $M$ using Elgmal encryption, one should firstly map the message $M$ to an element $m$ of G using a reversible mapping function, then run the ElGamal ...
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Using ElGamal instead of RSA in FDH
In RSA-FDH to sign a message $m$, we apply a hash function $H$ and then "decrypt" it using the private key $d$, so $Sign(m) = H(m)^d \mod N =: \sigma$ and then to verify, we use the public ...
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ElGamal same private and random key attack
I'm having difficulty understanding this.
Consider two messages are encrypted using the same cyclic group of order $q$, generator $g$, private key $x$, and random parameter $y$.
The attacker knows a ...
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ElGamal same private and random key attack
I'm having difficulty understanding this.
Consider two messages are encrypted using the same cyclic group order $q$, generator $g$, private key $x$, and random parameter $y$.
The attacker knows a ...
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Zero Knowledge proof of correct ElGamal encryption
Suppose for $sk = x$, $pk = g^x$ we encrypt message $m$ with ElGamal encryption as $(g^r,m\cdot pk^r)$. My goal is to prove that I performed the encryption correctly, i.e. that the same $r$ is used ...
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ElGamal-based BBS proxy re-encryption implementation?
are there any available tools/libraries that implement the idea of EIGamal-based proxy re-encryption scheme shown below? Preferably in Golang. Thank you!
Source of this picture: https://www.cs.jhu....
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EC ElGamal multiplicatively Homomorphic
Can we make EC ElGamal have multiplicative homomorphic property?
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Distributed key generation when all parties need to participate
Suppose $n$ parties where $t$ are honest want to perform a distributed key generation protocol. There are many existing schemes. In the simpler setting where all $n$ parties must be online, otherwise ...
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What is a secure, modern, partially homomorphic encryption scheme?
I was reading this paper by Philippe Golle on using the homomorphic properties of ElGamal encryption to play a game of mental poker (i.e. cryptographically secure poker without a trusted third party ...
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Could someone explain to me, in simple terms, why we need a large order of group G for Diffie-Hellman and what does that mean?
For ElGamal encryption, safe prime $p$ is used such that $p = 2q+1$. However, can someone explain to me, in simple terms, why we would need, in this context, a large order of $G$ and how it will ...
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Can voters be authorities at the same time?
There is an encryption scheme where the votes are encrypted with ElGamal and the decryption key is the secret that is shared among the authorities. After everybody voted they publish their part of the ...
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Decryption of an El Gamal re encryption mixnet
I have interest in e-voting and am currently trying to understand El Gamal re-encryption mixnet.
I understand how El Gamal encryption works and how mixnet works but what's not cristal clear for me is ...
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How to Prove Correct Decryption in ElGamal Cryptosystem
I am working on a project that uses ElGamal cryptography using multiplicative notation. The project is an internet voting implementation that uses the cryptosystem to encrypt the received ballots, re-...
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Prove that Two Re-encryptions of the Same ElGamal Pair have the Same Decryptions
I'm working on an internet election system that requires the shuffling of ballots accompanied by an interactive proof of the legitimacy of the shuffle. I am working on this paper and I am stuck at the ...
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ElGamal with elliptic curves and semantic security
To encrypt a group element $P$ with public key $K$ and randomness $r$ using ElGamal on elliptic curves with base point $G$ we do the following $(c_1, c_2) = (r\cdot G; P+r\cdot K)$.
When we want to ...
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Using GP/PARI how would you solve this randomised Elgamal question?
I know how to solve this question manually, but I don't know how to solve it using the program gp/pari. It is based on randomised Elgamal
Let p = 739. Given the following ciphertext of some message m1 ...
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ElGamal, message > p
Assume that we have:
p = 89
g = 5
public key: 17
private key: 73
If we try to encrypt message M = 53 (M < p), then we get (c1, c2) == (55, 67) and further ...
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Decrypting a ciphertext in ElGamal's cryptosystem
I am a student in computer science currently working on a problem set in cryptography (practical problem but stuck on the math part).
Basically, suppose we receive a message that has been encrypted ...
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Understanding Practical Differences Between ElGamal and Diffie-Hellman
I've been tasked with building a Web Assembly site that implements E2EE. I was thinking of using ElGamal Encryption to encrypt the message and Diffie-Hellman to establish the key. After doing further ...
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What is the quadratic character of the field over which elliptic curve is defined?
I'm trying to understand the injective encoding of a message to an elliptic curve point (from this paper).
However, I'm not sure what do they mean by the quadratic character of the field. Do you know ...
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