Questions tagged [ipsec]
For questions about the cryptographic protocols which form the basis of IPsec, which is one of the common security schemes used on the throughout. For general questions about IPsec, consider if your question fits our sister sites Super User and/or Security Stack Exchange better.
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IKEv2 with EAP and use of anonymous identity
IKEv2 RFC7296 Section 2.16, provides overview of how IKEv2 is used with EAP. That section states the following when a different identity (IDi) is used in message 2 IKE_AUTH from initiator to responder,...
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How is the shared secret generated in IPsec using DH key generation?
I have doubt like when in the IPsec we use a DH group for key exchange. It takes a prime number and $g$ value from group bit.
How does the key exchange payload and nonce help to generate the shared ...
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What is the Diffie Hellman session key used for in IPsec protocol?
Let's say we choose AES as cryptographic algorithm for IPsec.
My question is the following
Is the key produced by Diffie-Hellman algorithm used as INPUT to the AES
algorithm so AES does the ...
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some questions about IPSEC ESN
ESN feature is described in RFC 4303. Here is some questions which bothered me:
When use ESN combined with AES_GCM or AES_GMAC alogrithom, do I need to add the high-order ESN bits to the packets?
...
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Encrypting with nonces in IKE
In IKE exchanges, first messages sent unencrypted and unauthenticated. For authentication, messages sent encrypted with nonces.
If a man in the middle is eavesdropping this conversation, he/she will ...
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Usage of cookies in IKE
While creating secret keys in IKE protocol, sides use cookies but I did not understand where they come from, how they are generated and why they are used. Can someone explain? Thanks.
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IKEv1 Phase 1, authentication with signature, sending certificates "optionally"
At RFC2409, section 5.1, authentication header is like:
HDR*, IDii, [ CERT, ] SIG_I
HDR is an ISAKMP header whose exchange type is the mode. When
writen as HDR* it indicates payload encryption.
IDii ...
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Under which conditions certificate is required for IKEv2?
In IKEv2 document, there are expressions as [CERT,] or [CERTREQ,] in the parts of IKE_SA_INIT or IKE_AUTH exchanges. In this notation brackets indicates that it is optional. I didn't see expressions ...
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ESP header and trailer
I investigated the IPsec Protocol.
I am wondering if I can remove/reduce any field to save space,
is there a way to save overhead in ESP packages?
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91
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Actual need of IKEv1 Aggressive mode
I know that IKEv1 Aggressive mode is not secure as ID payload is sent out in plain text. Even though it is insecure, it still exists! Can someone tell why exactly do we need Aggressive mode? What is ...
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Stream cipher and block cipher usage in network data encryption
Stream ciphers are usually used for streaming data encryption, such as voice, and also for low layers data encryption. For example, MACSec uses AES-GCM encryption.
In L3 ad L4 security protocols (...
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Why is SKEYSEED derived using the nonce as a key?
In IKEv2, SKEYSEED, which is used to as a seed for generating the rest of the keys, is generated as
SKEYSEED = prf(Ni | Nr, g^ir)...
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find prime number of diffie-hellman algorithm
at IPsec, Diffie-hellman is used in framework ISAKMP resulting shared secret. some of Diffie-Hellman group may define the length of the prime number of q and the size of the secret key of K: group 1 (...
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ISAKMP 'master key' PFS (phase I) vs Ipsec session key PFS (Phase II)
A question for the crypto-experts to help out a somewhat confused guy: why does PFS (perfect forward secrecy) also exist in phase II as well as in phase I?
Rationale:
In phase I ISAKMP, the result ...
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How to protect traffic metadata from a malicious cloud provider?
What can be a theoretical and efficient way of protecting traffic metadata (packet size, timestamps, packet count) of enterprise when traffic is redirected to the SGX enclave residing in a cloud ...
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Why can't AES-GCM be used in IKEv1 phase 1?
I was configuring a VPN on a firewall (fortigate) and realized that I could use AES-GCM for encryption in the IKEv1 phase 2 but not in the phase 1 and I was wondering why knowing that in IKEv2 we ...
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If we know the pre-shared key of an IPSec tunnel, can PFS help us to stay encrypted?
Or if the "attacker" has the pre-shared key, then PFS won't help?
Ex.: Heard something about China that it blocks IPSec and only allows it when you give them your pre-shared key, thus they can see ...
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ipsec, esp: Which key is used to generate the HMAC
Short Question:
Are the keys for the ICV calculation and the encryption the same in IPSEC/ESP?
Or do there exist two keys in the SA?
Long Question:
Before a new IPSEC-ESP connection is established, ...
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1k
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IPsec : transmission of Initialization Vector
I am currently carrying scholar research about IPsec protocol, and I have a question regarding the IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP). Is the initialization vector of operation mode transmitted ...
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How does OpenVPN work?
I'm confused with the technologies that OpenVPN uses. The official site mentions it uses SSL/TLS in-place of IKEv1/IKEv2, and uses IPSec ESP to secure the data, and yet that it isn't compatible with ...
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IKEv2 DH Group on SonicWall
I am developing internal standards for IPsec VPN setup on SonicWall firewalls, and I have been learning about IKEv2. When IKEv2 "mode" is selected, the UI disables the DH Group, Encryption, and ...
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Bellovin ESP Attack on UDP Packets
In Bellovin's ESP Attack,
it is stated that:
If $L_A$, $L_B$ are using UDP, attack is easier:
Wait till session ends
Allocate $L_B$'s UDP port to $X_B$
Replay all packets
So, how ...
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why IPSec transport mode is restricted for host-to-host communication , or host-to-gateway where gateway acts as a host only?
Transport mode is allowed between two end hosts only; tunnel mode is required when at least one of the endpoints is a "security gateway" (intermediate system that implements IPsec functionality, e.g....
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Why a "Next Header" field is part of ESP trailer?
Please explain are there any reason under the hood to place "Next Header" field in ESP trailer instead of ESP Header ?
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IPSec vs SSL : Similarities and Differences
I am studying SSL and IPSec. I can pretty much nail down the "very high level" differences and similarities between the two, but am struggling to find a "lower level" (but not too deep) look.
This ...
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873
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Does IKEv1 support multiple combinations of a source IP range?
I saw in several places online that the different between IKEv1 and IKEv2 is the use of multiple combinations of a source IP range as left and right subnets (locally and remote), a destination IP ...
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How is the SPI determined/negotiated in phase 2 of IKE (v1)?
While I am aware that the SPI (along with destination IP and protocol) is used to uniquely identify an incoming SA on a peer, for the life of me I am not able to understand how that particular SPI ...
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251
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Key exchange during IKE_AUTH phase of IKEv2
This is what a casual IKEv2 handshake looks like :
...
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342
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Why TLS uses in-band handshake signalling
TLS uses handshake protocol to compute session keys to be used later to protect bulk of application data transfer. The handshake protocol and application protocol uses same transport layer port.
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ESP in tunnel mode [closed]
When Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) is used in the tunnel mode, a new IP header is computed and added. Why is this necessary? Thank you.
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where does the prime number taken in DH algorithm in IPSEC
I am studying & configuring IPSEC ikev1 and in between i am analysing the wireshark captures. I am using the linux kernel for TCP/IP stack and user-space i took ipsec-tools.
In the first two ...
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Can authenticated encryption reduce bandwidth overhead of per-packet encryption?
I know that authenticated encryption modes of operation like GCM offer certain security advantages, as well as increased performance. (On my laptop with AES-NI, the benchmark performance of ...
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Detection of weak keys for AES-GCM
There are many papers out there that show that a message authenticated and encrypted by AES-GCM can be forged if the used key is weak (e.g. by Handschuh and Preneel, Saarinen or Procter and Cid). With ...
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IPSec recomendations about rekeying
IPSec like strongSwan can be configured to do rekeying after time or bytes transferred or packets transmitted. Is there any recommendations to set those settings? Maybe according to algorithms used?
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Is IPsec IND-CCA secure provided the used block cipher is a pseudorandom function?
I am trying to solve the question whether
"IPsec is IND-CCA secure provided the used block cipher is a pseudorandom function" (with IPsec using a variant of Encrypt-then-MAC)
As a resource I am given ...
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AES-GCM Hash sub key parameter in Intel's IPsec library
I am trying to use Intel's optimized AES-128-GCM implementation (from the Intel white paper “Fast Multi-buffer IPsec Implementations on Intel Architecture Processors”, you can find the code here).
...
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1
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What are the problems of IKEv1 aggressive mode (compared to IKEv1 main mode or IKEv2)?
I would like to seek confirmation/clarification of the following statements about IKE:
IKEv1 aggressive mode is supposed to be “insecure” if used with PSK. But as far as I can see, correct (or more ...
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What are the well known protocols that offer perfect forward secrecy? [closed]
As far as I know these are the well known protocols that offer PFS
TLS/SSL (with DHE-RSA, DHE-DSS, ECDHE-RSA or ECDHE-ECDSA)
SSH (RFC4253)
OTR (Protocol Version 3 Spec)
IPsec (with IKEv1 and IKEv2)...
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IPsec authentication and encryption lgorithms
I am looking for the implementation of IPsec security algorithms for both
authentication and Encryption.
Is there any open source implementation available for the same ?
And if someone supposed to ...
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Does IKEv2 protocol have two modes like IKE
IKE Protocol have 2 modes, that modes have different structure. Does IKEv2 protocol have two modes like IKE.
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653
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Bellovin 96' attack on IPsec ESP protocol on encryption only option
Can you explain the actual attack?
Why does the attacker need to firstly send some arbitrary UDP packet?
How can the attacker break the privacy between A and B?
Link: The article of Bellovin
I'm ...
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What is the "shared secret" used for in IPSec VPN?
Can somebody explain what the "shared secret" and "password" do when opening/creating a VPN tunnel?
In this specific case I setup a VPN to my Fritz!Box and I had to provide a shared secret (which was ...
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